Contribution of direct-drinking water to calcium and magnesium and the influence on the height in school-age children
| Title: | Contribution of direct-drinking water to calcium and magnesium and the influence on the height in school-age children |
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| Authors: | Hongru Gu, Yijing Gong, Zhao Li, Yanqiu Zhang, Jin Wu, Yi Wang, Min Ni, Jun Zhang, Hai Jiang |
| Source: | Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol 11 (2024) |
| Publisher Information: | Frontiers Media S.A., 2024. |
| Publication Year: | 2024 |
| Collection: | LCC:Nutrition. Foods and food supply |
| Subject Terms: | direct-drinking water in school, children, calcium, magnesium, contribution rate, height, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641 |
| More Details: | ObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of direct-drinking water provided in school to dietary intake (DI) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium and magnesium, and to explore its influence on the height in school-age children.MethodsTap water and direct-drinking water samples were collected from schools in Taicang City to test the contents of calcium and magnesium, and compared by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test. Contribution rates of direct-drinking water to DI and RNI were calculated by using the contents of calcium and magnesium and data from the Nutrition and Health Status Survey 2021. A retrospective cohort was conducted among 4,850 first-grade children consuming direct-drinking water in Taicang City from 24 primary schools in 2019. Group 1 (1,070 boys and 946 girls) consumed UF-process water with normal calcium and magnesium contents and Group 2 (1,548 boys and 1,286 girls) consumed NF/RO-process water with very low calcium and magnesium contents. During 2019–2023, the height and height growth were analyzed with the Student’s t-test.ResultsThe highest calcium content was examined in tap water samples, followed by direct-drinking water samples supplied through a UF, NF, and RO system (F = 1,227.725, p 0.05).ConclusionDirect-drinking water processed through a NF or RO system should be cautiously adopted in primary and secondary schools. A UF system is preferred in schools where no health concerns are associated with water quality. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2296-861X |
| Relation: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1434952/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-861X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fnut.2024.1434952 |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/7b7f0d64cce54b1ea9b5d4bb2980f970 |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.7b7f0d64cce54b1ea9b5d4bb2980f970 |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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