| Title: |
The impact and causal directions for the associations between diagnosis of ADHD, socioeconomic status, and intelligence by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization design |
| Authors: |
Madeleine Michaëlsson, Shuai Yuan, Håkan Melhus, John A. Baron, Liisa Byberg, Susanna C. Larsson, Karl Michaëlsson |
| Source: |
BMC Medicine, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022) |
| Publisher Information: |
BMC, 2022. |
| Publication Year: |
2022 |
| Collection: |
LCC:Medicine |
| Subject Terms: |
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, Socioeconomic status, Education, Intelligence, Income, Medicine |
| More Details: |
Abstract Background Previous studies have reported associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower socioeconomic status and intelligence. We aimed to evaluate the causal directions and strengths for these associations by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Methods We used summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic instruments for ADHD, intelligence, and markers of socioeconomic status including the Townsend deprivation index, household income, and educational attainment. Effect estimates from individual genetic variants were combined using inverse-variance weighted regression. Results A genetically predicted one standard deviation (SD) increment in the Townsend deprivation index conferred an odds ratio (OR) of 5.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89–14.76) for an ADHD diagnosis (p |
| Document Type: |
article |
| File Description: |
electronic resource |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
1741-7015 |
| Relation: |
https://doaj.org/toc/1741-7015 |
| DOI: |
10.1186/s12916-022-02314-3 |
| Access URL: |
https://doaj.org/article/fddffa3316ee4e968d49f4a518e3acd8 |
| Accession Number: |
edsdoj.fddffa3316ee4e968d49f4a518e3acd8 |
| Database: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
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