Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Microbial Diversity in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of an Apple Orchard Managed under Prolonged 'Natural Farming' Practices |
| Authors: |
Ying-Hong He, Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama, Tsutae Ito, Asuka Shirakawa, Hideki Yamamoto, Akiko Kashiwagi, Ayumu Tatewaki, Misato Fujibayashi, Shuichi Sugiyama, Katsuhiko Yaginuma, Tomoya Akahira, Shingen Yamamoto, Seiya Tsushima, Yuko Matsushita, Teruo Sano |
| Source: |
Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 10, p 2056 (2021) |
| Publisher Information: |
MDPI AG, 2021. |
| Publication Year: |
2021 |
| Collection: |
LCC:Biology (General) |
| Subject Terms: |
microbial diversity, phyllosphere, rhizosphere, macroarray, high-throughput sequencing, natural apple farming, Biology (General), QH301-705.5 |
| More Details: |
Microbial diversity in an apple orchard cultivated with natural farming practices for over 30 years was compared with conventionally farmed orchards to analyze differences in disease suppression. In this long-term naturally farmed orchard, major apple diseases were more severe than in conventional orchards but milder than in a short-term natural farming orchard. Among major fungal species in the phyllosphere, we found that Aureobasidium pullulans and Cryptococcus victoriae were significantly less abundant in long-term natural farming, while Cladosporium tenuissimum predominated. However, diversity of fungal species in the phyllosphere was not necessarily the main determinant in the disease suppression observed in natural farming; instead, the maintenance of a balanced, constant selection of fungal species under a suitable predominant species such as C. tenuissimum seemed to be the important factors. Analysis of bacteria in the phyllosphere revealed Pseudomonas graminis, a potential inducer of plant defenses, predominated in long-term natural farming in August. Rhizosphere metagenome analysis showed that Cordyceps and Arthrobotrys, fungal genera are known to include insect- or nematode-infecting species, were found only in long-term natural farming. Among soil bacteria, the genus Nitrospira was most abundant, and its level in long-term natural farming was more than double that in the conventionally farmed orchard. |
| Document Type: |
article |
| File Description: |
electronic resource |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
2076-2607 |
| Relation: |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/10/2056; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/microorganisms9102056 |
| Access URL: |
https://doaj.org/article/fb9a6176da6c403bb9d7844c860f8c98 |
| Accession Number: |
edsdoj.fb9a6176da6c403bb9d7844c860f8c98 |
| Database: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
