Map-Aided Indoor Positioning Algorithm with Complex Deployed BLE Beacons
| Title: | Map-Aided Indoor Positioning Algorithm with Complex Deployed BLE Beacons |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Wuping Liu, Wei Guo, Xinyan Zhu |
| Source: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 526 (2021) |
| Publisher Information: | MDPI AG, 2021. |
| Publication Year: | 2021 |
| Collection: | LCC:Geography (General) |
| Subject Terms: | map-aided, bluetooth low energy, cell area, optimal reference beacon, Geography (General), G1-922 |
| More Details: | As communication technology and smartphones develop, many indoor positioning applications based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons have emerged. However, in a complex BLE network, it can be challenging to select the optimal reference beacon, and accurate positioning becomes difficult. Fortunately, if the BLE network is displayed on a map, we can intuitively grasp the structure and density of the beacons in each area, which is important information for accurate positioning. Therefore, in this study we developed a map-aided indoor positioning algorithm to model the relationship between beacons in the positioning area in a parking lot. Specifically, the algorithm split all beacons into multiple cell areas to find the optimal reference beacon in that area. Then, the optimal reference beacon is used to find the preferred reference beacons among the real-time beacons. Finally, the positioning results were calculated and evaluated according to the preferred beacons. According to the results, our method can optimize the selection of reference beacons in different areas. The average positioning accuracy was 2.09 m and the results can be scored accurately. The results verify that our algorithm can effectively use map information to guide the selection of reference beacons in complex environments. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2220-9964 |
| Relation: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/526; https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijgi10080526 |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/cf95435206ce4f7a9538c864bbec3d46 |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.f95435206ce4f7a9538c864bbec3d46 |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Map-Aided Indoor Positioning Algorithm with Complex Deployed BLE Beacons – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wuping+Liu%22">Wuping Liu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei+Guo%22">Wei Guo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xinyan+Zhu%22">Xinyan Zhu</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 526 (2021) – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: MDPI AG, 2021. – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2021 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: LCC:Geography (General) – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22map-aided%22">map-aided</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22bluetooth+low+energy%22">bluetooth low energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22cell+area%22">cell area</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22optimal+reference+beacon%22">optimal reference beacon</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geography+%28General%29%22">Geography (General)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22G1-922%22">G1-922</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: As communication technology and smartphones develop, many indoor positioning applications based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons have emerged. However, in a complex BLE network, it can be challenging to select the optimal reference beacon, and accurate positioning becomes difficult. Fortunately, if the BLE network is displayed on a map, we can intuitively grasp the structure and density of the beacons in each area, which is important information for accurate positioning. Therefore, in this study we developed a map-aided indoor positioning algorithm to model the relationship between beacons in the positioning area in a parking lot. Specifically, the algorithm split all beacons into multiple cell areas to find the optimal reference beacon in that area. Then, the optimal reference beacon is used to find the preferred reference beacons among the real-time beacons. Finally, the positioning results were calculated and evaluated according to the preferred beacons. According to the results, our method can optimize the selection of reference beacons in different areas. The average positioning accuracy was 2.09 m and the results can be scored accurately. The results verify that our algorithm can effectively use map information to guide the selection of reference beacons in complex environments. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: article – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: electronic resource – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: ISSN Label: ISSN Group: ISSN Data: 2220-9964 – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/526; https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.3390/ijgi10080526 – Name: URL Label: Access URL Group: URL Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://doaj.org/article/cf95435206ce4f7a9538c864bbec3d46" linkWindow="_blank">https://doaj.org/article/cf95435206ce4f7a9538c864bbec3d46</link> – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsdoj.f95435206ce4f7a9538c864bbec3d46 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ijgi10080526 Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 1 StartPage: 526 Subjects: – SubjectFull: map-aided Type: general – SubjectFull: bluetooth low energy Type: general – SubjectFull: cell area Type: general – SubjectFull: optimal reference beacon Type: general – SubjectFull: Geography (General) Type: general – SubjectFull: G1-922 Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Map-Aided Indoor Positioning Algorithm with Complex Deployed BLE Beacons Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wuping Liu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wei Guo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Xinyan Zhu IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 22209964 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 10 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Type: main |
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