Metal contamination assessment in water column and surface sediments of a warm monomictic man-made lake: Sabalan Dam Reservoir, Iran
| Title: | Metal contamination assessment in water column and surface sediments of a warm monomictic man-made lake: Sabalan Dam Reservoir, Iran |
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| Authors: | Saber Aradpour, Roohollah Noori, Qiuhong Tang, Rabin Bhattarai, Farhad Hooshyaripor, Majid Hosseinzadeh, Ali Torabi Haghighi, Björn Klöve |
| Source: | Hydrology Research, Vol 51, Iss 4, Pp 799-814 (2020) |
| Publisher Information: | IWA Publishing, 2020. |
| Publication Year: | 2020 |
| Collection: | LCC:River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) LCC:Physical geography |
| Subject Terms: | arsenic, contamination index, copper, sediment pollution, water quality, River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General), TC401-506, Physical geography, GB3-5030 |
| More Details: | In this study, metal concentrations in the water column and surface sediment of the Sabalan Dam Reservoir (SDR) were determined. Moreover, heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination index (CI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), consensus-based SQGs (C-BSQGs), and mean probable effect concentration quotients (mPECQs) were evaluated for water and sediments of SDR. It was observed that metal concentrations in river entry sediment were lower, but those in river entry water were higher than corresponding values in the vicinity of the dam structure. The HPI values of water samples taken from 10 m depth in the center of SDR exceeded the critical limit, due to high concentrations of arsenic. However, according to CI, the reservoir water was not contaminated. The HEI values indicated contamination of SDR water with metals at 10 m depth. A comparison of water quality indices revealed that HEI was the most reliable index in water quality assessment, while CI and HPI were not sufficiently accurate. For SQGs, As and Cu concentrations in sediments were high, but mPECQ, Igeo, and EF revealed some degree of sediment pollution in SDR. The calculated EF values suggested minor anthropogenic enrichment of sediment with Fe, Co, V, and Ni; moderate anthropogenic enrichment with As and Mn; and moderate to severe anthropogenic enrichment with Cu. A comparison of SQG values revealed that the threshold effect and probable effect levels were the most reliable metrics in the assessment of sediment toxicity. Statistical analysis indicated similarities between metal concentrations in the center of the reservoir and near to the dam structure, as a result of similar sediment deposition behavior at these points, while higher flow velocity at the river entry point limited deposition of fine particles and associated metals. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 1998-9563 2224-7955 |
| Relation: | http://hr.iwaponline.com/content/51/4/799; https://doaj.org/toc/1998-9563; https://doaj.org/toc/2224-7955 |
| DOI: | 10.2166/nh.2020.160 |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/b81f0b201ef24be48fd8712bb5643dee |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.b81f0b201ef24be48fd8712bb5643dee |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| ISSN: | 19989563 22247955 |
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| DOI: | 10.2166/nh.2020.160 |
| Published in: | Hydrology Research |
| Language: | English |