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Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding

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Title: Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
Authors: Ru Zhang, Johannah Bashford-Largo, Jennie Lukoff, Jaimie Elowsky, Erin Carollo, Amanda Schwartz, Matthew Dobbertin, Sahil Bajaj, Karina S. Blair, Ellen Leibenluft, R. James R. Blair
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
Publisher Information: Frontiers Media S.A., 2021.
Publication Year: 2021
Collection: LCC:Psychiatry
Subject Terms: threat responsiveness, irritability, callous-unemotional traits, conduct disorder, fMRI, Psychiatry, RC435-571
More Details: Background: Irritability and callous-unemotional (CU; reduced guilt/empathy) traits vary dimensionally in the typically developing population but may be particularly marked in youth with conduct disorder (CD). While these dimensional traits are positively correlated, they have been associated with divergent forms of dysfunction, particularly with respect to threat processing (i.e., irritability with increased, and CU traits with decreased, threat responsiveness). This suggests that interactions between these two dimensions may be complex at the neurobiological level. However, this issue has received minimal empirical attention.Methods: The study included 105 adolescents (typically developing and cases with CD; N = 59). They were scanned with fMRI during a looming threat task that involved images of threatening and neutral human faces or animals that appeared to be either looming or receding.Results: Significant irritability-by-CU traits-by-Direction-by-Emotion interactions were seen within right thalamus/PAG, left lingual gyrus and right fusiform gyrus; irritability was positively associated with the BOLD response for Looming Threatening vs. Receding Threatening trials, particularly for youth with low CU traits. In contrast, CU traits were negatively associated with the same differential BOLD response but particularly for youth showing higher levels of irritability. Similar findings were seen within left ventral anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, though the addition of the interaction with CU traits was only seen at slightly more lenient thresholds.Conclusions: The results support previous work linking irritability to increased, and CU traits to reduced, threat responsiveness. However, for adolescents with high irritability, if CU traits are also high, the underlying neuropathology appears to relate to reduced, rather than increased, threat responsiveness.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1664-0640
Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.617052/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.617052
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/97ebfb70749e4129862e3b92d793022a
Accession Number: edsdoj.97ebfb70749e4129862e3b92d793022a
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ru+Zhang%22">Ru Zhang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johannah+Bashford-Largo%22">Johannah Bashford-Largo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jennie+Lukoff%22">Jennie Lukoff</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jaimie+Elowsky%22">Jaimie Elowsky</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erin+Carollo%22">Erin Carollo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amanda+Schwartz%22">Amanda Schwartz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matthew+Dobbertin%22">Matthew Dobbertin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sahil+Bajaj%22">Sahil Bajaj</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karina+S%2E+Blair%22">Karina S. Blair</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ellen+Leibenluft%22">Ellen Leibenluft</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22R%2E+James+R%2E+Blair%22">R. James R. Blair</searchLink>
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  Data: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
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  Data: Background: Irritability and callous-unemotional (CU; reduced guilt/empathy) traits vary dimensionally in the typically developing population but may be particularly marked in youth with conduct disorder (CD). While these dimensional traits are positively correlated, they have been associated with divergent forms of dysfunction, particularly with respect to threat processing (i.e., irritability with increased, and CU traits with decreased, threat responsiveness). This suggests that interactions between these two dimensions may be complex at the neurobiological level. However, this issue has received minimal empirical attention.Methods: The study included 105 adolescents (typically developing and cases with CD; N = 59). They were scanned with fMRI during a looming threat task that involved images of threatening and neutral human faces or animals that appeared to be either looming or receding.Results: Significant irritability-by-CU traits-by-Direction-by-Emotion interactions were seen within right thalamus/PAG, left lingual gyrus and right fusiform gyrus; irritability was positively associated with the BOLD response for Looming Threatening vs. Receding Threatening trials, particularly for youth with low CU traits. In contrast, CU traits were negatively associated with the same differential BOLD response but particularly for youth showing higher levels of irritability. Similar findings were seen within left ventral anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, though the addition of the interaction with CU traits was only seen at slightly more lenient thresholds.Conclusions: The results support previous work linking irritability to increased, and CU traits to reduced, threat responsiveness. However, for adolescents with high irritability, if CU traits are also high, the underlying neuropathology appears to relate to reduced, rather than increased, threat responsiveness.
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