Academic Journal
Suitability of current typing procedures to identify epidemiologically linked human Giardia duodenalis isolates.
| Title: | Suitability of current typing procedures to identify epidemiologically linked human Giardia duodenalis isolates. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Andreas Woschke, Mirko Faber, Klaus Stark, Martha Holtfreter, Frank Mockenhaupt, Joachim Richter, Thomas Regnath, Ingo Sobottka, Ingrid Reiter-Owona, Andreas Diefenbach, Petra Gosten-Heinrich, Johannes Friesen, Ralf Ignatius, Toni Aebischer, Christian Klotz |
| Source: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e0009277 (2021) |
| Publisher Information: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021. |
| Publication Year: | 2021 |
| Collection: | LCC:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine LCC:Public aspects of medicine |
| Subject Terms: | Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270 |
| More Details: | BackgroundGiardia duodenalis is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Humans are mainly infected by two different subtypes, i.e., assemblage A and B. Genotyping is hampered by allelic sequence heterozygosity (ASH) mainly in assemblage B, and by occurrence of mixed infections. Here we assessed the suitability of current genotyping protocols of G. duodenalis for epidemiological applications such as molecular tracing of transmission chains.Methodology/principal findingsTwo G. duodenalis isolate collections, from an outpatient tropical medicine clinic and from several primary care laboratories, were characterized by assemblage-specific qPCR (TIF, CATH gene loci) and a common multi locus sequence typing (MLST; TPI, BG, GDH gene loci). Assemblage A isolates were further typed at additional loci (HCMP22547, CID1, RHP26, HCMP6372, DIS3, NEK15411). Of 175/202 (86.6%) patients the G. duodenalis assemblage could be identified: Assemblages A 25/175 (14.3%), B 115/175 (65.7%) and A+B mixed 35/175 (20.0%). By incorporating allelic sequence heterozygosity in the analysis, the three marker MLST correctly identified 6/9 (66,7%) and 4/5 (80.0%) consecutive samples from chronic assemblage B infections in the two collections, respectively, and identified a cluster of five independent patients carrying assemblage B parasites of identical MLST type. Extended MLST for assemblage A altogether identified 5/6 (83,3%) consecutive samples from chronic assemblage A infections and 15 novel genotypes. Based on the observed A+B mixed infections it is estimated that only 75% and 50% of assemblage A or B only cases represent single strain infections, respectively. We demonstrate that typing results are consistent with this prediction.Conclusions/significanceTyping of assemblage A and B isolates with resolution for epidemiological applications is possible but requires separate genotyping protocols. The high frequency of multiple infections and their impact on typing results are findings with immediate consequences for result interpretation in this field. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| Relation: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009277&type=printable; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009277&type=printable |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009277 |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/96f2d29ff7d34e51b8a38ef0a7f29053 |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.96f2d29ff7d34e51b8a38ef0a7f29053 |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Full text is not displayed to guests. | Login for full access. |
| ISSN: | 19352727 19352735 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009277&type=printable |
| Published in: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Language: | English |