Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Effect of Current-Season-Only Versus Continuous Two-Season Influenza Vaccination on Mortality in Older Adults: A Propensity-Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study |
| Authors: |
Huimin Sun, Yijing Wang, Yongyue Wei, Weihua Hu, Junwen Zhou, Nuosu Nama, Yujie Ma, Gang Liu, Yuantao Hao |
| Source: |
Vaccines, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 164 (2025) |
| Publisher Information: |
MDPI AG, 2025. |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
LCC:Medicine |
| Subject Terms: |
influenza vaccination, older adults, mortality, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, survival analysis, Medicine |
| More Details: |
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of influenza vaccination on mortality using real-world data and compared the effect of current-season-only vaccination versus continuous two-season vaccination. Methods: The 2017–2019 data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, included 880,119 individuals aged ≥65 years. The participants were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups and matched using propensity scores with a 1:4 nearest-neighbor approach. Vaccinated individuals were further divided into current-season-only and continuous two-season vaccination groups, matched 1:1. Cox’s multivariable proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the effect of vaccination on all-cause mortality, with Firth’s penalized likelihood method applied to correct for a few events. The Fine–Gray competing risk models were used to assess the effect of vaccination on cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CCVD) mortality. Sensitivity analyses, including caliper matching, a nested case–control design, and Poisson’s regression, were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results: Influenza vaccination reduced all-cause mortality by 39% (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.80) and 55% (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33–0.60) in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, respectively. Current-season-only vaccination showed stronger protective effects than continuous two-season vaccination (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.31–0.99). Influenza vaccination reduced CCVD mortality by 46% (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34–0.84) in 2018–2019. The results were consistent across the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause and CCVD mortality in older adults, underscoring the importance of routine influenza vaccination in older populations. Stronger effects were observed for current-season-only vaccination, warranting further research to confirm the association and explore mechanisms. |
| Document Type: |
article |
| File Description: |
electronic resource |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
2076-393X |
| Relation: |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/164; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393X |
| DOI: |
10.3390/vaccines13020164 |
| Access URL: |
https://doaj.org/article/8a439e216a404dffa445cc3ffa5e711c |
| Accession Number: |
edsdoj.8a439e216a404dffa445cc3ffa5e711c |
| Database: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
