Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Early-forming Massive Stars Suppress Star Formation and Hierarchical Cluster Assembly |
| Authors: |
Sean C. Lewis, Stephen L. W. McMillan, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Claude Cournoyer-Cloutier, Brooke Polak, Martijn J. C. Wilhelm, Aaron Tran, Alison Sills, Simon Portegies Zwart, Ralf S. Klessen, Joshua E. Wall |
| Source: |
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 944, Iss 2, p 211 (2023) |
| Publisher Information: |
IOP Publishing, 2023. |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Collection: |
LCC:Astrophysics |
| Subject Terms: |
Astronomical simulations, Young massive clusters, Star forming regions, Massive stars, Astrophysics, QB460-466 |
| More Details: |
Feedback from massive stars plays an important role in the formation of star clusters. Whether a very massive star is born early or late in the cluster formation timeline has profound implications for the star cluster formation and assembly processes. We carry out a controlled experiment to characterize the effects of early-forming massive stars on star cluster formation. We use the star formation software suite Torch , combining self-gravitating magnetohydrodynamics, ray-tracing radiative transfer, N -body dynamics, and stellar feedback, to model four initially identical 10 ^4 M _⊙ giant molecular clouds with a Gaussian density profile peaking at 521.5 cm ^−3 . Using the Torch software suite through the AMUSE framework, we modify three of the models, to ensure that the first star that forms is very massive (50, 70, and 100 M _⊙ ). Early-forming massive stars disrupt the natal gas structure, resulting in fast evacuation of the gas from the star-forming region. The star formation rate is suppressed, reducing the total mass of the stars formed. Our fiducial control model, without an early massive star, has a larger star formation rate and total efficiency by up to a factor of 3, and a higher average star formation efficiency per freefall time by up to a factor of 7. Early-forming massive stars promote the buildup of spatially separate and gravitationally unbound subclusters, while the control model forms a single massive cluster. |
| Document Type: |
article |
| File Description: |
electronic resource |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
1538-4357 |
| Relation: |
https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 |
| DOI: |
10.3847/1538-4357/acb0c5 |
| Access URL: |
https://doaj.org/article/7fb8d7108d87481eac0b5e5b85242998 |
| Accession Number: |
edsdoj.7fb8d7108d87481eac0b5e5b85242998 |
| Database: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
