Academic Journal
Tick saliva-induced programmed death-1 and PD-ligand 1 and its related host immunosuppression
| Title: | Tick saliva-induced programmed death-1 and PD-ligand 1 and its related host immunosuppression |
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| Authors: | Yamato Sajiki, Satoru Konnai, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Kevin Christian Montecillo Gulay, Atsushi Kobayashi, Luís Fernando Parizi, Benvindo Capela João, Kei Watari, Sotaro Fujisawa, Tomohiro Okagawa, Naoya Maekawa, Carlos Logullo, Itabajara da Silva Vaz, Shiro Murata, Kazuhiko Ohashi |
| Source: | Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021) |
| Publisher Information: | Nature Portfolio, 2021. |
| Publication Year: | 2021 |
| Collection: | LCC:Medicine LCC:Science |
| Subject Terms: | Medicine, Science |
| More Details: | Abstract The tick Rhipicephalus microplus is a harmful parasite of cattle that causes considerable economic losses to the cattle breeding industry. Although R. microplus saliva (Rm-saliva) contains several immunosuppressants, any association between Rm-saliva and the expression of immunoinhibitory molecules, such as programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has not been described. In this study, flow cytometric analyses revealed that Rm-saliva upregulated PD-1 expression in T cells and PD-L1 expression in CD14+ and CD11c+ cells in cattle. Additionally, Rm-saliva decreased CD69 expression in T cells and Th1 cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, PD-L1 blockade increased IFN-γ production in the presence of Rm-saliva, suggesting that Rm-saliva suppresses Th1 responses via the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. To reveal the upregulation mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 by Rm-saliva, we analyzed the function of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is known as an inducer of PD-L1 expression, in Rm-saliva. We found that Rm-saliva contained a high concentration of PGE2, and PGE2 treatment induced PD-L1 expression in CD14+ cells in vitro. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PGE2 and PD-L1 expression was upregulated in tick-attached skin in cattle. These data suggest that PGE2 in Rm-saliva has the potential to induce the expression of immunoinhibitory molecules in host immune cells. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| Relation: | https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-020-80251-y |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/638fdda85f414409bc159c27d999af7e |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.638fdda85f414409bc159c27d999af7e |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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| ISSN: | 20452322 |
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| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-020-80251-y |
| Published in: | Scientific Reports |
| Language: | English |