Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Detailed characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells after infection or heterologous vaccination |
| Authors: |
Domenico Lo Tartaro, Annamaria Paolini, Marco Mattioli, Julian Swatler, Anita Neroni, Rebecca Borella, Elena Santacroce, Alessia Di Nella, Licia Gozzi, Stefano Busani, Michela Cuccorese, Tommaso Trenti, Marianna Meschiari, Giovanni Guaraldi, Massimo Girardis, Cristina Mussini, Katarzyna Piwocka, Lara Gibellini, Andrea Cossarizza, Sara De Biasi |
| Source: |
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 14 (2023) |
| Publisher Information: |
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023. |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Collection: |
LCC:Immunologic diseases. Allergy |
| Subject Terms: |
SARS-CoV-2, antigen-specific response, polyfunctionality, T cells, B cells, cytokine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607 |
| More Details: |
The formation of a robust long-term antigen (Ag)-specific memory, both humoral and cell-mediated, is created following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination. Here, by using polychromatic flow cytometry and complex data analyses, we deeply investigated the magnitude, phenotype, and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory in two groups of healthy subjects after heterologous vaccination compared to a group of subjects who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We find that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients show different long-term immunological profiles compared to those of donors who had been vaccinated with three doses. Vaccinated individuals display a skewed T helper (Th)1 Ag-specific T cell polarization and a higher percentage of Ag-specific and activated memory B cells expressing immunoglobulin (Ig)G compared to those of patients who recovered from severe COVID-19. Different polyfunctional properties characterize the two groups: recovered individuals show higher percentages of CD4+ T cells producing one or two cytokines simultaneously, while the vaccinated are distinguished by highly polyfunctional populations able to release four molecules, namely, CD107a, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin (IL)-2. These data suggest that functional and phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity differ in recovered COVID-19 individuals and vaccinated ones. |
| Document Type: |
article |
| File Description: |
electronic resource |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
1664-3224 |
| Relation: |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123724/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 |
| DOI: |
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123724 |
| Access URL: |
https://doaj.org/article/eea4d91fbd9a460196a566ff1f3acd03 |
| Accession Number: |
edsdoj.4d91fbd9a460196a566ff1f3acd03 |
| Database: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
