Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy?

Bibliographic Details
Title: Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy?
Authors: Howard L Kaufman, Hongbin Wang, Dipongkor Saha, Samuel D Rabkin, Mia Borlongan, Uyen Le, Hans J Nauwynck
Source: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Vol 12, Iss 5 (2024)
Publisher Information: BMJ Publishing Group, 2024.
Publication Year: 2024
Collection: LCC:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Subject Terms: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
More Details: Cytokines are small proteins that regulate the growth and functional activity of immune cells, and several have been approved for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses are agents that mediate antitumor activity by directly killing tumor cells and inducing immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV), approved for the treatment of recurrent melanoma, and the virus encodes the human cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A significant advantage of oncolytic viruses is the ability to deliver therapeutic payloads to the tumor site that can help drive antitumor immunity. While cytokines are especially interesting as payloads, the optimal cytokine(s) used in oncolytic viruses remains controversial. In this review, we highlight preliminary data with several cytokines and chemokines, including GM-CSF, interleukin 12, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 2, interleukin 15, interleukin 18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, or their combinations, and show how these payloads can further enhance the antitumor immunity of oHSV. A better understanding of cytokine delivery by oHSV can help improve clinical benefit from oncolytic virus immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2051-1426
Relation: https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/5/e008025.full; https://doaj.org/toc/2051-1426
DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008025
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/ae1324671e874fbf8b0558f501e18cfa
Accession Number: edsdoj.1324671e874fbf8b0558f501e18cfa
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Howard+L+Kaufman%22">Howard L Kaufman</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hongbin+Wang%22">Hongbin Wang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dipongkor+Saha%22">Dipongkor Saha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samuel+D+Rabkin%22">Samuel D Rabkin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mia+Borlongan%22">Mia Borlongan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Uyen+Le%22">Uyen Le</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hans+J+Nauwynck%22">Hans J Nauwynck</searchLink>
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  Data: BMJ Publishing Group, 2024.
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  Data: Cytokines are small proteins that regulate the growth and functional activity of immune cells, and several have been approved for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses are agents that mediate antitumor activity by directly killing tumor cells and inducing immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV), approved for the treatment of recurrent melanoma, and the virus encodes the human cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A significant advantage of oncolytic viruses is the ability to deliver therapeutic payloads to the tumor site that can help drive antitumor immunity. While cytokines are especially interesting as payloads, the optimal cytokine(s) used in oncolytic viruses remains controversial. In this review, we highlight preliminary data with several cytokines and chemokines, including GM-CSF, interleukin 12, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 2, interleukin 15, interleukin 18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, or their combinations, and show how these payloads can further enhance the antitumor immunity of oHSV. A better understanding of cytokine delivery by oHSV can help improve clinical benefit from oncolytic virus immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
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