Academic Journal
Intracellular and extracellular factors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a pivotal perplex to be fully elucidated
| Title: | Intracellular and extracellular factors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a pivotal perplex to be fully elucidated |
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| Authors: | Yaru Niu, Wenwei Yang, Haili Qian, Yongkun Sun |
| Source: | Cancer Cell International, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2022) |
| Publisher Information: | BMC, 2022. |
| Publication Year: | 2022 |
| Collection: | LCC:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens LCC:Cytology |
| Subject Terms: | Colorectal cancer, Liver metastasis, Genetic alteration, Cancer stem cell, Microenvironment, Biomarkers, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Cytology, QH573-671 |
| More Details: | Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the liver is the most common site of metastasis. Tumor cell metastasis can be thought of as an invasion-metastasis cascade and metastatic organotropism is thought to be a process that relies on the intrinsic properties of tumor cells and their interactions with molecules and cells in the microenvironment. Many studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism and contributing factors involved in CRC liver metastasis for a better understanding of the organ-specific metastasis process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the theories that explain CRC liver metastasis at multiple molecular dimensions (including genetic and non-genetic factors), as well as the main factors that cause CRC liver metastasis. Many findings suggest that metastasis may occur earlier than expected and with specific organ-anchoring property. The emergence of potential metastatic clones, the timing of dissemination, and the distinct routes of metastasis have been explained by genomic studies. The main force of CRC liver metastasis is also thought to be epigenetic alterations and dynamic phenotypic traits. Furthermore, we review key extrinsic factors that influence CRC cell metastasis and liver tropisms, such as pre-niches, tumor stromal cells, adhesion molecules, and immune/inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers associated with early diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of liver metastasis from CRC are summarized to enlighten potential clinical practice, including some markers that can be used as therapeutic targets to provide new perspectives for the treatment strategies of CRC liver metastasis. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 1475-2867 |
| Relation: | https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2867 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12935-022-02766-w |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/117cb6302fa94901a1357fbc2f8f3d8f |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.117cb6302fa94901a1357fbc2f8f3d8f |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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| ISSN: | 14752867 |
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| DOI: | 10.1186/s12935-022-02766-w |
| Published in: | Cancer Cell International |
| Language: | English |