Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
The Early Ultraviolet Light Curves of Type II Supernovae and the Radii of Their Progenitor Stars |
| Authors: |
Ido Irani, Jonathan Morag, Avishay Gal-Yam, Eli Waxman, Steve Schulze, Jesper Sollerman, K-Ryan Hinds, Daniel A. Perley, Ping Chen, Nora L. Strotjohann, Ofer Yaron, Erez A. Zimmerman, Rachel Bruch, Eran O. Ofek, Maayane T. Soumagnac, Yi Yang, Steven L. Groom, Frank J. Masci, Marie Aubert, Reed Riddle, Eric C. Bellm, David Hale |
| Source: |
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 970, Iss 1, p 96 (2024) |
| Publisher Information: |
IOP Publishing, 2024. |
| Publication Year: |
2024 |
| Collection: |
LCC:Astrophysics |
| Subject Terms: |
Type II supernovae, Core-collapse supernovae, Shocks, Plasma astrophysics, Ultraviolet astronomy, Ultraviolet transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466 |
| More Details: |
We present a sample of 34 normal Type II supernovae (SNe II) detected with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with multiband UV light curves starting at t ≤ 4 days after explosion, and X-ray observations. We characterize the early UV-optical color, provide empirical host-extinction corrections, and show that the t > 2 day UV-optical colors and the blackbody evolution of the sample are consistent with shock cooling (SC) regardless of the presence of “flash ionization” features. We present a framework for fitting SC models that can reproduce the parameters of a set of multigroup simulations up to 20% in radius and velocity. Observations of 15 SNe II are well fit by models with breakout radii 10 ^14 cm breakout radius. However, these fits predict an early rise during the first day that is too slow. We suggest that these large-breakout events are explosions of stars with an inflated envelope or with confined circumstellar material (CSM). Using the X-ray data, we derive constraints on the extended (∼10 ^15 cm) CSM density independent of spectral modeling and find that most SN II progenitors lose $\dot{M}\lt {10}^{-4}{M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ up to a few years before explosion. We show that the overall observed breakout radius distribution is skewed to higher radii due to a luminosity bias. We argue that the ${66}_{-22}^{+11} \% $ of red supergiants (RSGs) explode as SNe II with breakout radii consistent with the observed distribution of RSGs, with a tail extending to large radii, likely due to the presence of CSM. |
| Document Type: |
article |
| File Description: |
electronic resource |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
1538-4357 |
| Relation: |
https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357 |
| DOI: |
10.3847/1538-4357/ad3de8 |
| Access URL: |
https://doaj.org/article/ad09a4fbcfc1458781e3695883363bab |
| Accession Number: |
edsdoj.09a4fbcfc1458781e3695883363bab |
| Database: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
