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Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) with 3D-Printed Free-Form Microlenses

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Title: Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) with 3D-Printed Free-Form Microlenses
Authors: Xu, Yilin, Kuzmin, Artem, Knehr, Emanuel, Blaicher, Matthias, Ilin, Konstantin, Dietrich, Philipp-Immanuel, Freude, Wolfgang, Siegel, Michael, Koos, Christian
Publication Year: 2021
Collection: Physics (Other)
Subject Terms: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics
More Details: We present an approach to increase the effective light-receiving area of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) by means of free-form microlenses that are printed in situ on top of the sensitive detector area using high-resolution multi-photon lithography. We demonstrate a detector based on a niobium-nitride (NbN) nanowire with a 4.5 $\mathrm \mu$m $\times$ 4.5 $\mathrm \mu$m sensitive area, supplemented with a lens of 60 $\mathrm \mu$m diameter. For free-space illumination at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the lensed sensor has a 100-fold-increased effective collection area, which leads to strongly enhanced system detection efficiency without the need for long nanowires. Our approach can be readily applied to a wide range of sensor types and effectively overcomes the inherent design conflict between high counting speed due to short sensor reset time, high timing accuracy, and high fabrication yield on the one hand and high collection efficiency through large effective detection areas on the other hand.
Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures
Document Type: Working Paper
DOI: 10.1364/OE.427639
Access URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09446
Accession Number: edsarx.2104.09446
Database: arXiv
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  Data: Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) with 3D-Printed Free-Form Microlenses
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Yilin%22">Xu, Yilin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuzmin%2C+Artem%22">Kuzmin, Artem</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Knehr%2C+Emanuel%22">Knehr, Emanuel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blaicher%2C+Matthias%22">Blaicher, Matthias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ilin%2C+Konstantin%22">Ilin, Konstantin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dietrich%2C+Philipp-Immanuel%22">Dietrich, Philipp-Immanuel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Freude%2C+Wolfgang%22">Freude, Wolfgang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siegel%2C+Michael%22">Siegel, Michael</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koos%2C+Christian%22">Koos, Christian</searchLink>
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  Data: We present an approach to increase the effective light-receiving area of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) by means of free-form microlenses that are printed in situ on top of the sensitive detector area using high-resolution multi-photon lithography. We demonstrate a detector based on a niobium-nitride (NbN) nanowire with a 4.5 $\mathrm \mu$m $\times$ 4.5 $\mathrm \mu$m sensitive area, supplemented with a lens of 60 $\mathrm \mu$m diameter. For free-space illumination at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the lensed sensor has a 100-fold-increased effective collection area, which leads to strongly enhanced system detection efficiency without the need for long nanowires. Our approach can be readily applied to a wide range of sensor types and effectively overcomes the inherent design conflict between high counting speed due to short sensor reset time, high timing accuracy, and high fabrication yield on the one hand and high collection efficiency through large effective detection areas on the other hand.<br />Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures
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      – SubjectFull: Physics - Optics
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