| Title: |
Up-regulation of T lymphocyte and antibody production by inflammatory cytokines released by macrophage exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. |
| Authors: |
Ana Carolina, P Grecco, Rosemeire F O, Erica Mizutani, Juliana C Sartorelli, Ana M Milani, Ana Leda, F Longhini, Elaine C Oliveira, Fernando Pradella, Vania D R, Adriel S Moraes, Alfredo C Peterlevitz, Alessandro S Farias, Helder J Ceragioli, Leonilda M B, Santos and, Vitor Baranauskas |
| Source: |
Nanotechnology; Jul2011, Vol. 22 Issue 26, p265103-265103, 1p |
| Subject Terms: |
T cells, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, CYTOKINES, MACROPHAGES, CARBON nanotubes, INTERLEUKIN-12, TUMOR necrosis factors |
| Abstract: |
Our data demonstrate that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are internalized by macrophages, subsequently activating them to produce interleukin (IL)-12 (IL-12). This cytokine induced the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to a nonspecific mitogen and to ovalbumin (OVA). This increase in the proliferative response was accompanied by an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFNg), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) and IL-6, in mice inoculated with MWCNTs, whether or not they had been immunized with OVA. A decrease in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb) was observed in the mice treated with MWCNTs, whereas the suppression of the expression of both TGFb and IL-10 was observed in mice that had been both treated and immunized. The activation of the T lymphocyte response by the pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to an increase in antibody production to OVA, suggesting the important immunostimulatory effect of carbon nanotubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: |
Complementary Index |
