Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Development and Progression of Bovine Respiratory Disease Measured Using Clinical Respiratory Scoring and Thoracic Ultrasonography in Preweaned Calves on Dairy Farms in the United Kingdom: A Prospective Cohort Study. |
| Authors: |
Lindley, George, Blackie, Nicola, Wathes, D. Claire, Booth, Richard E. |
| Source: |
Animals (2076-2615); Feb2025, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p360, 26p |
| Subject Terms: |
ANIMAL herds, DAIRY farms, DAIRY cattle, BLOOD proteins, SYMPTOMS |
| Abstract: |
Simple Summary: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calves is common, but variable clinical signs throughout the disease process make appropriate treatment and prevention strategies difficult. This study sought to combine diagnostic techniques to describe the course of disease within UK dairy herds and factors associated with its progression. Preweaned calves were repeatedly measured between birth and weaning using both clinical scoring methods and lung ultrasonography to characterize the onset and progression of respiratory disease. Ultrasonographic lesions without associated clinical signs were more common than clinical pneumonia, but some calves with clinical signs were sonogaphically normal. The prevalence of new, repeat, and chronic cases of BRD varied dependent upon the diagnostic criteria and timing. Farm, age, immunity, gender, weight, and fecal score were significant predictors of disease subtype or lung ultrasound health. Accurate diagnosis and characterization of BRD allows precise management of respiratory well-being, which may be optimized by longitudinal assessments during the preweaning period. The respiratory health of preweaned calves is an important determinant of their health, welfare, and future performance. This prospective cohort study measured bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on 16 dairy farms, including 476 calves in South-west England. Wisconsin and California respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasonography were performed repeatedly at 7 ± 0.89 day intervals (mean ± SD) at 0–56 days of age (n = 3344 examinations). Cases were localized to the upper or lower respiratory tract, or both, and classified as new, repeat, or chronic. Prevalence and incidence were calculated. Multivariate modeling of factors associated with repeated measurements was performed. Increasing age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06) and fecal score (Score 2, OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.77) were associated with a lower odds of a healthy BRD subtype, whereas increasing serum total protein (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99) was protective. Older (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06–1.09), male (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01–2.84) calves with elevated Wisconsin respiratory scores (≥5, OR 5.61, 95% CI 3.38–9.30) were more likely to have elevated thoracic ultrasound scores. BRD remains common in calves born in UK dairy herds, requiring precise identification and management if preweaning health is to be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: |
Complementary Index |
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