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Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing

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Title: Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: Yuu Hirose, Takuhei Shiozaki, Masahiro Otani, Sakae Kudoh, Satoshi Imura, Toshihiko Eki, Naomi Harada
Source: Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 497 (2020)
Publisher Information: MDPI AG, 2020.
Publication Year: 2020
Collection: LCC:Biology (General)
Subject Terms: algae, Antarctica, lacustrine, hydro-terrestrial, Cyanobacteria, microbiome, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
More Details: Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important primary producers in Antarctica since they can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. However, community structures of photosynthetic algae in Antarctica have not yet been fully explored at molecular level. In this study, we collected diverse algal samples in lacustrine and hydro-terrestrial environments of Langhovde and Skarvsnes, which are two ice-free regions in East Antarctica. We performed deep amplicon sequencing of both 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 18S rRNA genes, and we explored the distribution of sequence variants (SVs) of these genes at single nucleotide difference resolution. SVs of filamentous Cyanobacteria genera, including Leptolyngbya, Pseudanabaena, Phormidium, Nodosilinea, Geitlerinama, and Tychonema, were identified in most of the samples, whereas Phormidesmis SVs were distributed in fewer samples. We also detected unicellular, multicellular or heterocyst forming Cyanobacteria strains, but in relatively small abundance. For SVs of eukaryotic algae, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Ochrophyta were widely distributed among the collected samples. In addition, there was a red colored bloom of eukaryotic alga, Geminigera cryophile (Cryptophyta), in the Langhovde coastal area. Eukaryotic SVs of Acutuncus antarcticus and/or Diphascon pingue of Tardigrada were dominant among most of the samples. Our data revealed the detailed structures of the algal communities in Langhovde and Skarvsnes. This will contribute to our understanding of Antarctic ecosystems and support further research into this subject.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2076-2607
Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/4/497; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040497
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/f5c54a7e544c4a039ac0d54001d6442b
Accession Number: edsdoj.f5c54a7e544c4a039ac0d54001d6442b
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuu+Hirose%22">Yuu Hirose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takuhei+Shiozaki%22">Takuhei Shiozaki</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Masahiro+Otani%22">Masahiro Otani</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sakae+Kudoh%22">Sakae Kudoh</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Satoshi+Imura%22">Satoshi Imura</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toshihiko+Eki%22">Toshihiko Eki</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Naomi+Harada%22">Naomi Harada</searchLink>
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  Data: Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 497 (2020)
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  Data: Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important primary producers in Antarctica since they can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. However, community structures of photosynthetic algae in Antarctica have not yet been fully explored at molecular level. In this study, we collected diverse algal samples in lacustrine and hydro-terrestrial environments of Langhovde and Skarvsnes, which are two ice-free regions in East Antarctica. We performed deep amplicon sequencing of both 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 18S rRNA genes, and we explored the distribution of sequence variants (SVs) of these genes at single nucleotide difference resolution. SVs of filamentous Cyanobacteria genera, including Leptolyngbya, Pseudanabaena, Phormidium, Nodosilinea, Geitlerinama, and Tychonema, were identified in most of the samples, whereas Phormidesmis SVs were distributed in fewer samples. We also detected unicellular, multicellular or heterocyst forming Cyanobacteria strains, but in relatively small abundance. For SVs of eukaryotic algae, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Ochrophyta were widely distributed among the collected samples. In addition, there was a red colored bloom of eukaryotic alga, Geminigera cryophile (Cryptophyta), in the Langhovde coastal area. Eukaryotic SVs of Acutuncus antarcticus and/or Diphascon pingue of Tardigrada were dominant among most of the samples. Our data revealed the detailed structures of the algal communities in Langhovde and Skarvsnes. This will contribute to our understanding of Antarctic ecosystems and support further research into this subject.
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