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Beyond motor learning: Insights from infant magnetic resonance imaging on the critical role of the cerebellum in behavioral development

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Title: Beyond motor learning: Insights from infant magnetic resonance imaging on the critical role of the cerebellum in behavioral development
Authors: Lauren Wagner, Melis E Cakar, Megan Banchik, Emily Chiem, Siobhan Sive Glynn, Amy H Than, Shulamite A Green, Mirella Dapretto
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol 72, Iss , Pp 101514- (2025)
Publisher Information: Elsevier, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Neurophysiology and neuropsychology
Subject Terms: Cerebellum, Infant, Behavior, MRI, FMRI, MRS, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
More Details: Although the cerebellum is now recognized for its crucial role in non-motor functions such as language, perceptual processes, social communication, and executive function in adults, it is often overlooked in studies of non-motor behavioral development in infancy. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research increasingly shows the cerebellum is key to understanding the emergence of complex human behaviors and neurodevelopmental conditions. This review summarizes studies from diverse MRI modalities that link early cerebellar development from birth to age two with emerging non-motor behaviors and psychiatric symptomatology. Our focus centered on both term and preterm infants, excluding studies of perinatal injury and cerebellar pathology. We conclude that the cerebellum is implicated in many non-motor behaviors and implicit learning mechanisms in infancy. The field’s current limitations include inconsistencies in study design, a paucity of gold-standard infant neuroimaging tools, and treatment of the cerebellum as a uniform structure. Moving forward, the cerebellum should be considered a structure of greater interest to the developmental neuroimaging community. Studies should test developmental hypotheses about the behavioral roles of specific cerebro-cerebellar circuits, and theoretical frameworks such as Olson’s “model switch” hypothesis of cerebellar learning. Large-scale, longitudinal, well-powered neuroimaging studies of typical and preterm development will be key.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1878-9293
Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187892932500009X; https://doaj.org/toc/1878-9293
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101514
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/9adad3d597c7486a8f566a8013d96342
Accession Number: edsdoj.9adad3d597c7486a8f566a8013d96342
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: Although the cerebellum is now recognized for its crucial role in non-motor functions such as language, perceptual processes, social communication, and executive function in adults, it is often overlooked in studies of non-motor behavioral development in infancy. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research increasingly shows the cerebellum is key to understanding the emergence of complex human behaviors and neurodevelopmental conditions. This review summarizes studies from diverse MRI modalities that link early cerebellar development from birth to age two with emerging non-motor behaviors and psychiatric symptomatology. Our focus centered on both term and preterm infants, excluding studies of perinatal injury and cerebellar pathology. We conclude that the cerebellum is implicated in many non-motor behaviors and implicit learning mechanisms in infancy. The field’s current limitations include inconsistencies in study design, a paucity of gold-standard infant neuroimaging tools, and treatment of the cerebellum as a uniform structure. Moving forward, the cerebellum should be considered a structure of greater interest to the developmental neuroimaging community. Studies should test developmental hypotheses about the behavioral roles of specific cerebro-cerebellar circuits, and theoretical frameworks such as Olson’s “model switch” hypothesis of cerebellar learning. Large-scale, longitudinal, well-powered neuroimaging studies of typical and preterm development will be key.
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