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Involuntary human exposure to carbamazepine: A cross-sectional study of correlates across the lifespan and dietary spectrum

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Title: Involuntary human exposure to carbamazepine: A cross-sectional study of correlates across the lifespan and dietary spectrum
Authors: Michael Schapira, Orly Manor, Naama Golan, Dorit Kalo, Vered Mordehay, Noam Kirshenbaum, Rebecca Goldsmith, Benny Chefetz, Ora Paltiel
Source: Environment International, Vol 143, Iss , Pp 105951- (2020)
Publisher Information: Elsevier, 2020.
Publication Year: 2020
Collection: LCC:Environmental sciences
Subject Terms: Treated wastewater, Pharmaceuticals, Xenobiotics, Water scarcity, Irrigation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
More Details: Treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly used for agricultural irrigation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Carbamazepine is among the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in TWW. Moreover, its uptake and accumulation have been demonstrated in crops irrigated with TWW. A previous controlled trial found that urine concentrations of carbamazepine were higher in healthy volunteers consuming TWW-irrigated produce as compared to freshwater-irrigated produce. The aim of the current study was to assess whether carbamazepine is quantifiable in urine of Israelis consuming their usual diets and whether concentrations vary according to age, personal characteristics and diet. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 245 volunteers, including a reference group of omnivorous healthy adults aged 18–66; pregnant women; children aged 3–6 years; adults aged >75 years; and vegetarians/vegans. Participants provided spot urine samples and reported 24-hour and “usual” dietary consumption. Urinary carbamazepine levels were compared according to group, personal characteristics, health behaviors, and reported diet. Carbamazepine was detectable (≥1.66 ng/L) in urine of 84%, 76%, 75.5%, 66%, and 19.6% of the reference group, vegetarians, older adults, pregnant women, and children, respectively. Quantifiable concentrations (≥5.0 ng/L) of carbamazepine were found in 58%, 46%, 36.7%, 14%, and 0% of these groups, respectively (p = 0.001 for comparison of proportions across groups). In adults, higher carbamazepine concentrations were significantly associated (p
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 0160-4120
Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020319061; https://doaj.org/toc/0160-4120
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105951
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  Data: Environment International, Vol 143, Iss , Pp 105951- (2020)
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  Data: Treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly used for agricultural irrigation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Carbamazepine is among the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in TWW. Moreover, its uptake and accumulation have been demonstrated in crops irrigated with TWW. A previous controlled trial found that urine concentrations of carbamazepine were higher in healthy volunteers consuming TWW-irrigated produce as compared to freshwater-irrigated produce. The aim of the current study was to assess whether carbamazepine is quantifiable in urine of Israelis consuming their usual diets and whether concentrations vary according to age, personal characteristics and diet. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 245 volunteers, including a reference group of omnivorous healthy adults aged 18–66; pregnant women; children aged 3–6 years; adults aged >75 years; and vegetarians/vegans. Participants provided spot urine samples and reported 24-hour and “usual” dietary consumption. Urinary carbamazepine levels were compared according to group, personal characteristics, health behaviors, and reported diet. Carbamazepine was detectable (≥1.66 ng/L) in urine of 84%, 76%, 75.5%, 66%, and 19.6% of the reference group, vegetarians, older adults, pregnant women, and children, respectively. Quantifiable concentrations (≥5.0 ng/L) of carbamazepine were found in 58%, 46%, 36.7%, 14%, and 0% of these groups, respectively (p = 0.001 for comparison of proportions across groups). In adults, higher carbamazepine concentrations were significantly associated (p
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