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Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin

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Title: Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin
Authors: Francesco Suriano, Sara Vieira-Silva, Gwen Falony, Martin Roumain, Adrien Paquot, Rudy Pelicaen, Marion Régnier, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Jeroen Raes, Giulio G. Muccioli, Matthias Van Hul, Patrice D. Cani
Source: Microbiome, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
Publisher Information: BMC, 2021.
Publication Year: 2021
Collection: LCC:Microbial ecology
Subject Terms: Leptin-deficiency, Leptin-receptor deficiency, ob/ob, db/db, Lipopolysaccharides, Bile acids, Microbial ecology, QR100-130
More Details: Abstract Background Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice are commonly used mice models mimicking the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes development. However, although ob/ob and db/db mice are similarly gaining weight and developing massive obesity, db/db mice are more diabetic than ob/ob mice. It remains still unclear why targeting the same pathway—leptin signaling—leads to the development of two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with the host via different metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute to the regulation of bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbes could contribute to explain the specific phenotype discriminating the onset of an obese and/or a diabetic state in ob/ob and db/db mice. Results Six-week-old ob/ob and db/db mice were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, and lean mass gain, confirming their severely obese status. However, as expected, the glucose metabolism and the glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly different between ob/ob and db/db mice. Strikingly, the fat distribution was different, with db/db mice having more subcutaneous and ob/ob mice having more epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis was more pronounced in the ob/ob mice than in db/db mice. We also found very distinct inflammatory profiles between ob/ob and db/db mice, with a more pronounced inflammatory tone in the liver for ob/ob mice as compared to a higher inflammatory tone in the (subcutaneous) adipose tissue for db/db mice. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that the quantity of 19 microbial taxa was in some way affected by the genotype. Furthermore, we also show that serum LPS concentration, hepatic bile acid content, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles were differently affected by the two genotypes. Conclusion Taken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of an obese or a diabetic state in two genetic models characterized by an altered leptin signaling. We propose that these differences could be linked to specific inflammatory tones, serum LPS concentration, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid profile, and gut microbiota composition. Video abstract.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2049-2618
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2049-2618
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01097-8
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/d890b4d856184f9f98fdd2efbb56f9bd
Accession Number: edsdoj.890b4d856184f9f98fdd2efbb56f9bd
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  Data: Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin
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  Data: Microbiome, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leptin-deficiency%22">Leptin-deficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leptin-receptor+deficiency%22">Leptin-receptor deficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ob%2Fob%22">ob/ob</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22db%2Fdb%22">db/db</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lipopolysaccharides%22">Lipopolysaccharides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bile+acids%22">Bile acids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+ecology%22">Microbial ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22QR100-130%22">QR100-130</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract Background Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice are commonly used mice models mimicking the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes development. However, although ob/ob and db/db mice are similarly gaining weight and developing massive obesity, db/db mice are more diabetic than ob/ob mice. It remains still unclear why targeting the same pathway—leptin signaling—leads to the development of two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with the host via different metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute to the regulation of bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbes could contribute to explain the specific phenotype discriminating the onset of an obese and/or a diabetic state in ob/ob and db/db mice. Results Six-week-old ob/ob and db/db mice were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, and lean mass gain, confirming their severely obese status. However, as expected, the glucose metabolism and the glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly different between ob/ob and db/db mice. Strikingly, the fat distribution was different, with db/db mice having more subcutaneous and ob/ob mice having more epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis was more pronounced in the ob/ob mice than in db/db mice. We also found very distinct inflammatory profiles between ob/ob and db/db mice, with a more pronounced inflammatory tone in the liver for ob/ob mice as compared to a higher inflammatory tone in the (subcutaneous) adipose tissue for db/db mice. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that the quantity of 19 microbial taxa was in some way affected by the genotype. Furthermore, we also show that serum LPS concentration, hepatic bile acid content, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles were differently affected by the two genotypes. Conclusion Taken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of an obese or a diabetic state in two genetic models characterized by an altered leptin signaling. We propose that these differences could be linked to specific inflammatory tones, serum LPS concentration, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid profile, and gut microbiota composition. Video abstract.
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