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Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease

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Title: Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease
Authors: Sogol Alebouyeh, Brian Weinrick, Jacqueline M. Achkar, Maria J. García, Rafael Prados-Rosales
Source: Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 9 (2022)
Publisher Information: Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.
Publication Year: 2022
Collection: LCC:Medicine (General)
Subject Terms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, LTBI (Latent TB infection), TB spectrum, viable bacteria, subclinical TB, incipient TB, Medicine (General), R5-920
More Details: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is manifested as a continuum spectrum of infectious states. Both, the most common and clinically asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and the symptomatic disease, active tuberculosis (TB), are at opposite ends of the spectrum. Such binary classification is insufficient to describe the existing clinical heterogeneity, which includes incipient and subclinical TB. The absence of clinically TB-related symptoms and the extremely low bacterial burden are features shared by LTBI, incipient and subclinical TB states. In addition, diagnosis relies on cytokine release after antigenic T cell stimulation, yet several studies have shown that a high proportion of individuals with immunoreactivity never developed disease, suggesting that they were no longer infected. LTBI is estimated to affect to approximately one fourth of the human population and, according to WHO data, reactivation of LTBI is the main responsible of TB cases in developed countries. Assuming the drawbacks associated to the current diagnostic tests at this part of the disease spectrum, properly assessing individuals at real risk of developing TB is a major need. Further, it would help to efficiently design preventive treatment. This quest would be achievable if information about bacterial viability during human silent Mtb infection could be determined. Here, we have evaluated the feasibility of new approaches to detect viable bacilli across the full spectrum of TB disease. We focused on methods that specifically can measure host-independent parameters relying on the viability of Mtb either by its direct or indirect detection.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2296-858X
Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.965359/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-858X
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.965359
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/768f989eef1e4dd28049ff438f2978db
Accession Number: edsdoj.768f989eef1e4dd28049ff438f2978db
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sogol+Alebouyeh%22">Sogol Alebouyeh</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brian+Weinrick%22">Brian Weinrick</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jacqueline+M%2E+Achkar%22">Jacqueline M. Achkar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maria+J%2E+García%22">Maria J. García</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rafael+Prados-Rosales%22">Rafael Prados-Rosales</searchLink>
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  Data: Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 9 (2022)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mycobacterium+tuberculosis%22">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LTBI+%28Latent+TB+infection%29%22">LTBI (Latent TB infection)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TB+spectrum%22">TB spectrum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22viable+bacteria%22">viable bacteria</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22subclinical+TB%22">subclinical TB</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22incipient+TB%22">incipient TB</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medicine+%28General%29%22">Medicine (General)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22R5-920%22">R5-920</searchLink>
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  Data: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is manifested as a continuum spectrum of infectious states. Both, the most common and clinically asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and the symptomatic disease, active tuberculosis (TB), are at opposite ends of the spectrum. Such binary classification is insufficient to describe the existing clinical heterogeneity, which includes incipient and subclinical TB. The absence of clinically TB-related symptoms and the extremely low bacterial burden are features shared by LTBI, incipient and subclinical TB states. In addition, diagnosis relies on cytokine release after antigenic T cell stimulation, yet several studies have shown that a high proportion of individuals with immunoreactivity never developed disease, suggesting that they were no longer infected. LTBI is estimated to affect to approximately one fourth of the human population and, according to WHO data, reactivation of LTBI is the main responsible of TB cases in developed countries. Assuming the drawbacks associated to the current diagnostic tests at this part of the disease spectrum, properly assessing individuals at real risk of developing TB is a major need. Further, it would help to efficiently design preventive treatment. This quest would be achievable if information about bacterial viability during human silent Mtb infection could be determined. Here, we have evaluated the feasibility of new approaches to detect viable bacilli across the full spectrum of TB disease. We focused on methods that specifically can measure host-independent parameters relying on the viability of Mtb either by its direct or indirect detection.
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  Data: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.965359/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-858X
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      – SubjectFull: LTBI (Latent TB infection)
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