Decreased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Indicates Poor Prognosis of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study
| Title: | Decreased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Indicates Poor Prognosis of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Mengmeng Zhao, Zhen Luo, Hua He, Bo Shen, Jinjun Liang, Jishou Zhang, Jing Ye, Yao Xu, Zhen Wang, Di Ye, Menglong Wang, Jun Wan |
| Source: | Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021) |
| Publisher Information: | Frontiers Media S.A., 2021. |
| Publication Year: | 2021 |
| Collection: | LCC:Medicine (General) |
| Subject Terms: | coronavirus disease 2019, low-density lipoprotein, dyslipidemia, cardiac injury, severe and critical COVID-19 patients, prognosis, Medicine (General), R5-920 |
| More Details: | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health crisis. Reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were observed in COVID-19 patients. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between LDL-C levels and the prognosis of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. A total of 211 severe and critical COVID-19 patients were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the LDL-C levels, including 53 patients in Group A (LDL-C ≥ 2.71 mmol/L), 53 patients in Group B (2.28 ≤ LDL-C < 2.71 mmol/L), 53 patients in Group C (1.83 ≤ LDL-C < 2.28 mmol/L) and 52 patients in Group D (LDL-C < 1.83 mmol/L). LDL-C levels were lower in critically ill patients than in severe patients. The main symptoms before admission, characteristics on admission and comorbidities of enrolled patients did not differ among the four groups. Compared with patients with high LDL-C levels, patients with low LDL-C levels were more likely to have immune and inflammation dysfunction, renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction on admission. The proportions of patients with shock and acute cardiac injury, of those admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and of those treated with mechanical ventilation were inversely related to LDL-C level. The mortality of COVID-19 patients increased with LDL-C reduction. Serum LDL-C levels of COVID-19 patients was negatively correlated with CRP level, but positively correlated with lymphocyte count, as shown by Pearson correlation analysis. Proportional hazard models showed that low LDL-C levels were associated with increased risk of hospitalization death, cardiac injury and admission to the ICU. Taken together, these results suggest that decreased LDL-C levels indicate poor prognosis of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2296-858X |
| Relation: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.585851/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-858X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmed.2021.585851 |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/ee5ea5ac9af140f0aec39dad06881bd2 |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.5ea5ac9af140f0aec39dad06881bd2 |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Decreased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Indicates Poor Prognosis of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mengmeng+Zhao%22">Mengmeng Zhao</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhen+Luo%22">Zhen Luo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hua+He%22">Hua He</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bo+Shen%22">Bo Shen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jinjun+Liang%22">Jinjun Liang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jishou+Zhang%22">Jishou Zhang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jing+Ye%22">Jing Ye</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao+Xu%22">Yao Xu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhen+Wang%22">Zhen Wang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Di+Ye%22">Di Ye</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Menglong+Wang%22">Menglong Wang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jun+Wan%22">Jun Wan</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021) – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: Frontiers Media S.A., 2021. – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2021 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: LCC:Medicine (General) – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22coronavirus+disease+2019%22">coronavirus disease 2019</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22low-density+lipoprotein%22">low-density lipoprotein</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22dyslipidemia%22">dyslipidemia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22cardiac+injury%22">cardiac injury</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22severe+and+critical+COVID-19+patients%22">severe and critical COVID-19 patients</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22prognosis%22">prognosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medicine+%28General%29%22">Medicine (General)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22R5-920%22">R5-920</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health crisis. Reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were observed in COVID-19 patients. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between LDL-C levels and the prognosis of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. A total of 211 severe and critical COVID-19 patients were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the LDL-C levels, including 53 patients in Group A (LDL-C ≥ 2.71 mmol/L), 53 patients in Group B (2.28 ≤ LDL-C < 2.71 mmol/L), 53 patients in Group C (1.83 ≤ LDL-C < 2.28 mmol/L) and 52 patients in Group D (LDL-C < 1.83 mmol/L). LDL-C levels were lower in critically ill patients than in severe patients. The main symptoms before admission, characteristics on admission and comorbidities of enrolled patients did not differ among the four groups. Compared with patients with high LDL-C levels, patients with low LDL-C levels were more likely to have immune and inflammation dysfunction, renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction on admission. The proportions of patients with shock and acute cardiac injury, of those admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and of those treated with mechanical ventilation were inversely related to LDL-C level. The mortality of COVID-19 patients increased with LDL-C reduction. Serum LDL-C levels of COVID-19 patients was negatively correlated with CRP level, but positively correlated with lymphocyte count, as shown by Pearson correlation analysis. Proportional hazard models showed that low LDL-C levels were associated with increased risk of hospitalization death, cardiac injury and admission to the ICU. Taken together, these results suggest that decreased LDL-C levels indicate poor prognosis of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: article – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: electronic resource – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: ISSN Label: ISSN Group: ISSN Data: 2296-858X – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.585851/full; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-858X – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.3389/fmed.2021.585851 – Name: URL Label: Access URL Group: URL Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://doaj.org/article/ee5ea5ac9af140f0aec39dad06881bd2" linkWindow="_blank">https://doaj.org/article/ee5ea5ac9af140f0aec39dad06881bd2</link> – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsdoj.5ea5ac9af140f0aec39dad06881bd2 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3389/fmed.2021.585851 Languages: – Text: English Subjects: – SubjectFull: coronavirus disease 2019 Type: general – SubjectFull: low-density lipoprotein Type: general – SubjectFull: dyslipidemia Type: general – SubjectFull: cardiac injury Type: general – SubjectFull: severe and critical COVID-19 patients Type: general – SubjectFull: prognosis Type: general – SubjectFull: Medicine (General) Type: general – SubjectFull: R5-920 Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Decreased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Indicates Poor Prognosis of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mengmeng Zhao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhen Luo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hua He – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bo Shen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jinjun Liang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jishou Zhang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jing Ye – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yao Xu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhen Wang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Di Ye – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Menglong Wang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jun Wan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 2296858X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Frontiers in Medicine Type: main |
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