The Role of mTOR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
| Title: | The Role of mTOR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Ami Patel, Lannhi Nguyen, Christina Shea, Sunjum Singh, Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| Source: | Biomedicines, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 2238 (2024) |
| Publisher Information: | MDPI AG, 2024. |
| Publication Year: | 2024 |
| Collection: | LCC:Biology (General) |
| Subject Terms: | autophagy, mTOR, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5 |
| More Details: | Background/Objectives: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), an extremely infectious disease which is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. The severity of this pathogen is further amplified with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains that are becoming more prevalent at an alarming rate, and novel treatments are needed. Methods: In this paper, we discuss the pathology M. tb infection. We review the literature on the role that mTOR plays in autophagy and the immune system as well as its impact on M. tb infection. Lastly, we discuss the current therapies targeting mTOR and potential routes to explore for future treatments. Results: The mTOR protein acts as a negative regulator of the autophagy pathway and presents as a potent target to establish new treatments for TB. M. tb survival is affected by mTOR, the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway, and autophagy. M. tb evades destruction by manipulating host cellular mechanisms, which increases resistance and complicates treatment. Conclusions: Targeting mTOR can enhance autophagy and increase M. tb clearance. Existing drugs such as everolimus, rapamycin + CC214-2, and bazedoxifene are all being currently studied for effectiveness and show positive results. Alternative therapies, including Chinese herbs, baicalin, BTLA, glutathione, and precision medicine can modulate the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway and the host’s immune response, resulting in increased M. tb clearance, and these may be the future treatments for M. tb infection. |
| Document Type: | article |
| File Description: | electronic resource |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2227-9059 |
| Relation: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2238; https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biomedicines12102238 |
| Access URL: | https://doaj.org/article/5970ff298101417a913ff84f2cf9f534 |
| Accession Number: | edsdoj.5970ff298101417a913ff84f2cf9f534 |
| Database: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The Role of mTOR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ami+Patel%22">Ami Patel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lannhi+Nguyen%22">Lannhi Nguyen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christina+Shea%22">Christina Shea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sunjum+Singh%22">Sunjum Singh</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vishwanath+Venketaraman%22">Vishwanath Venketaraman</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Biomedicines, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 2238 (2024) – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: MDPI AG, 2024. – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2024 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: LCC:Biology (General) – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22autophagy%22">autophagy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22mTOR%22">mTOR</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mycobacterium+tuberculosis%22">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biology+%28General%29%22">Biology (General)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22QH301-705%2E5%22">QH301-705.5</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Background/Objectives: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), an extremely infectious disease which is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. The severity of this pathogen is further amplified with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains that are becoming more prevalent at an alarming rate, and novel treatments are needed. Methods: In this paper, we discuss the pathology M. tb infection. We review the literature on the role that mTOR plays in autophagy and the immune system as well as its impact on M. tb infection. Lastly, we discuss the current therapies targeting mTOR and potential routes to explore for future treatments. Results: The mTOR protein acts as a negative regulator of the autophagy pathway and presents as a potent target to establish new treatments for TB. M. tb survival is affected by mTOR, the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway, and autophagy. M. tb evades destruction by manipulating host cellular mechanisms, which increases resistance and complicates treatment. Conclusions: Targeting mTOR can enhance autophagy and increase M. tb clearance. Existing drugs such as everolimus, rapamycin + CC214-2, and bazedoxifene are all being currently studied for effectiveness and show positive results. Alternative therapies, including Chinese herbs, baicalin, BTLA, glutathione, and precision medicine can modulate the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway and the host’s immune response, resulting in increased M. tb clearance, and these may be the future treatments for M. tb infection. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: article – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: electronic resource – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: ISSN Label: ISSN Group: ISSN Data: 2227-9059 – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2238; https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.3390/biomedicines12102238 – Name: URL Label: Access URL Group: URL Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://doaj.org/article/5970ff298101417a913ff84f2cf9f534" linkWindow="_blank">https://doaj.org/article/5970ff298101417a913ff84f2cf9f534</link> – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsdoj.5970ff298101417a913ff84f2cf9f534 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/biomedicines12102238 Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 1 StartPage: 2238 Subjects: – SubjectFull: autophagy Type: general – SubjectFull: mTOR Type: general – SubjectFull: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type: general – SubjectFull: Biology (General) Type: general – SubjectFull: QH301-705.5 Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The Role of mTOR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ami Patel – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lannhi Nguyen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Christina Shea – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sunjum Singh – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vishwanath Venketaraman IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 22279059 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 12 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Biomedicines Type: main |
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