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The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada

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Title: The Impact of Adverse Employment and Working Conditions on the Risk of Workplace Injury in Canada
Authors: Victoria Nadalin, Cameron Mustard, Peter M. Smith
Source: Safety and Health at Work, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 471-478 (2021)
Publisher Information: Elsevier, 2021.
Publication Year: 2021
Collection: LCC:Public aspects of medicine
Subject Terms: Employment standards, Occupational health, Occupational safety, Vulnerability, Work injury, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
More Details: Background: Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury. In a sample of Canadian workers, we examine the risk of injury associated with inadequate ES, independent of, and combined with inadequate workplace protections from workplace hazards. Methods: Data from 2,803 adults working 15 hours or more/week in workplaces with at least five employees were analysed. We explored associations between exposure to workplace hazards with inadequate protections [termed occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability] and inadequate ES on workplace injury (physical or mental injury; injury requiring time off). Additive interaction models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of these exposures. Results: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES were independently associated with increased injury outcomes. Adjusted models showed an additive relationship for all injury outcomes between OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES. Statistically significant superadditive relationships were observed for physical injury risk with policy and procedure vulnerability plus inadequate ES [synergy index (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.00] and for overall OHS vulnerability plus inadequate ES (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.02), suggesting a combined effect greater than independent effects. Conclusion: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES are independently associated with workplace injury. For certain injury outcomes, the combined effect of OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES is greater than the independent effects of each individual exposure.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2093-7911
Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209379112100055X; https://doaj.org/toc/2093-7911
DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.002
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/4bc39e94381d440a8a58cc36d333d341
Accession Number: edsdoj.4bc39e94381d440a8a58cc36d333d341
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: Safety and Health at Work, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 471-478 (2021)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment+standards%22">Employment standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupational+health%22">Occupational health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupational+safety%22">Occupational safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vulnerability%22">Vulnerability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Work+injury%22">Work injury</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+aspects+of+medicine%22">Public aspects of medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22RA1-1270%22">RA1-1270</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury. In a sample of Canadian workers, we examine the risk of injury associated with inadequate ES, independent of, and combined with inadequate workplace protections from workplace hazards. Methods: Data from 2,803 adults working 15 hours or more/week in workplaces with at least five employees were analysed. We explored associations between exposure to workplace hazards with inadequate protections [termed occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability] and inadequate ES on workplace injury (physical or mental injury; injury requiring time off). Additive interaction models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of these exposures. Results: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES were independently associated with increased injury outcomes. Adjusted models showed an additive relationship for all injury outcomes between OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES. Statistically significant superadditive relationships were observed for physical injury risk with policy and procedure vulnerability plus inadequate ES [synergy index (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.00] and for overall OHS vulnerability plus inadequate ES (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.02), suggesting a combined effect greater than independent effects. Conclusion: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES are independently associated with workplace injury. For certain injury outcomes, the combined effect of OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES is greater than the independent effects of each individual exposure.
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