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Solar Evolution Models with a Central Black Hole

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Title: Solar Evolution Models with a Central Black Hole
Authors: Earl P. Bellinger, Matt E. Caplan, Taeho Ryu, Deepika Bollimpalli, Warrick H. Ball, Florian Kühnel, R. Farmer, S. E. de Mink, Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard
Source: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 959, Iss 2, p 113 (2023)
Publisher Information: IOP Publishing, 2023.
Publication Year: 2023
Collection: LCC:Astrophysics
Subject Terms: Stellar evolution, Primordial black holes, Dark matter, Astrophysics, QB460-466
More Details: Hawking proposed that the Sun may harbor a primordial black hole (BH) whose accretion supplies some of the solar luminosity. Such an object would have formed within the first 1 s after the Big Bang with the mass of a moon or an asteroid. These light BHs are a candidate solution to the dark matter problem, and could grow to become stellar-mass BHs if captured by stars. Here we compute the evolution of stars having such a BH at their center. We find that such objects can be surprisingly long-lived, with the lightest BHs having no influence over stellar evolution, while more massive ones consume the star over time to produce a range of observable consequences. Models of the Sun born about a BH whose mass has since grown to approximately 10 ^−6 M _⊙ are compatible with current observations. In this scenario, the Sun would first dim to half its current luminosity over a span of 100 Myr as the accretion starts to generate enough energy to quench nuclear reactions. The Sun would then expand into a fully convective star, where it would shine luminously for potentially several gigayears with an enriched surface helium abundance, first as a sub-subgiant star, and later as a red straggler, before becoming a subsolar-mass BH. We also present results for a range of stellar masses and metallicities. The unique internal structures of stars harboring BHs may make it possible for asteroseismology to discover them, should they exist. We conclude with a list of open problems and predictions.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1538-4357
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad04de
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/a421c3f39dcc4332b7c897950ddde847
Accession Number: edsdoj.421c3f39dcc4332b7c897950ddde847
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 959, Iss 2, p 113 (2023)
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  Data: Hawking proposed that the Sun may harbor a primordial black hole (BH) whose accretion supplies some of the solar luminosity. Such an object would have formed within the first 1 s after the Big Bang with the mass of a moon or an asteroid. These light BHs are a candidate solution to the dark matter problem, and could grow to become stellar-mass BHs if captured by stars. Here we compute the evolution of stars having such a BH at their center. We find that such objects can be surprisingly long-lived, with the lightest BHs having no influence over stellar evolution, while more massive ones consume the star over time to produce a range of observable consequences. Models of the Sun born about a BH whose mass has since grown to approximately 10 ^−6 M _⊙ are compatible with current observations. In this scenario, the Sun would first dim to half its current luminosity over a span of 100 Myr as the accretion starts to generate enough energy to quench nuclear reactions. The Sun would then expand into a fully convective star, where it would shine luminously for potentially several gigayears with an enriched surface helium abundance, first as a sub-subgiant star, and later as a red straggler, before becoming a subsolar-mass BH. We also present results for a range of stellar masses and metallicities. The unique internal structures of stars harboring BHs may make it possible for asteroseismology to discover them, should they exist. We conclude with a list of open problems and predictions.
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