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Cellular and molecular determinants of all‐trans retinoic acid sensitivity in breast cancer: Luminal phenotype and RARα expression

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Title: Cellular and molecular determinants of all‐trans retinoic acid sensitivity in breast cancer: Luminal phenotype and RARα expression
Authors: Floriana Centritto, Gabriela Paroni, Marco Bolis, Silvio Ken Garattini, Mami Kurosaki, Maria Monica Barzago, Adriana Zanetti, James Neil Fisher, Mark Francis Scott, Linda Pattini, Monica Lupi, Paolo Ubezio, Francesca Piccotti, Alberto Zambelli, Paola Rizzo, Maurizio Gianni', Maddalena Fratelli, Mineko Terao, Enrico Garattini
Source: EMBO Molecular Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 7, Pp 950-972 (2015)
Publisher Information: Springer Nature, 2015.
Publication Year: 2015
Collection: LCC:Medicine (General)
LCC:Genetics
Subject Terms: breast cancer, luminal phenotype, nuclear receptor, RARalpha, retinoic acid, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
More Details: Abstract Forty‐two cell lines recapitulating mammary carcinoma heterogeneity were profiled for all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitivity. Luminal and ER+ (estrogen‐receptor‐positive) cell lines are generally sensitive to ATRA, while refractoriness/low sensitivity is associated with a Basal phenotype and HER2 positivity. Indeed, only 2 Basal cell lines (MDA‐MB157 and HCC‐1599) are highly sensitive to the retinoid. Sensitivity of HCC‐1599 cells is confirmed in xenotransplanted mice. Short‐term tissue‐slice cultures of surgical samples validate the cell‐line results and support the concept that a high proportion of Luminal/ER+ carcinomas are ATRA sensitive, while triple‐negative (Basal) and HER2‐positive tumors tend to be retinoid resistant. Pathway‐oriented analysis of the constitutive gene‐expression profiles in the cell lines identifies RARα as the member of the retinoid pathway directly associated with a Luminal phenotype, estrogen positivity and ATRA sensitivity. RARα3 is the major transcript in ATRA‐sensitive cells and tumors. Studies in selected cell lines with agonists/antagonists confirm that RARα is the principal mediator of ATRA responsiveness. RARα over‐expression sensitizes retinoid‐resistant MDA‐MB453 cells to ATRA anti‐proliferative action. Conversely, silencing of RARα in retinoid‐sensitive SKBR3 cells abrogates ATRA responsiveness. All this is paralleled by similar effects on ATRA‐dependent inhibition of cell motility, indicating that RARα may mediate also ATRA anti‐metastatic effects. We define gene sets of predictive potential which are associated with ATRA sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines and validate them in short‐term tissue cultures of Luminal/ER+ and triple‐negative tumors. In these last models, we determine the perturbations in the transcriptomic profiles afforded by ATRA. The study provides fundamental information for the development of retinoid‐based therapeutic strategies aimed at the stratified treatment of breast cancer subtypes.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1757-4676
1757-4684
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1757-4676; https://doaj.org/toc/1757-4684
DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404670
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/2b7fc1bbb9654f408b9506dd5442f5dc
Accession Number: edsdoj.2b7fc1bbb9654f408b9506dd5442f5dc
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  Data: Cellular and molecular determinants of all‐trans retinoic acid sensitivity in breast cancer: Luminal phenotype and RARα expression
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  Data: EMBO Molecular Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 7, Pp 950-972 (2015)
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  Data: Abstract Forty‐two cell lines recapitulating mammary carcinoma heterogeneity were profiled for all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitivity. Luminal and ER+ (estrogen‐receptor‐positive) cell lines are generally sensitive to ATRA, while refractoriness/low sensitivity is associated with a Basal phenotype and HER2 positivity. Indeed, only 2 Basal cell lines (MDA‐MB157 and HCC‐1599) are highly sensitive to the retinoid. Sensitivity of HCC‐1599 cells is confirmed in xenotransplanted mice. Short‐term tissue‐slice cultures of surgical samples validate the cell‐line results and support the concept that a high proportion of Luminal/ER+ carcinomas are ATRA sensitive, while triple‐negative (Basal) and HER2‐positive tumors tend to be retinoid resistant. Pathway‐oriented analysis of the constitutive gene‐expression profiles in the cell lines identifies RARα as the member of the retinoid pathway directly associated with a Luminal phenotype, estrogen positivity and ATRA sensitivity. RARα3 is the major transcript in ATRA‐sensitive cells and tumors. Studies in selected cell lines with agonists/antagonists confirm that RARα is the principal mediator of ATRA responsiveness. RARα over‐expression sensitizes retinoid‐resistant MDA‐MB453 cells to ATRA anti‐proliferative action. Conversely, silencing of RARα in retinoid‐sensitive SKBR3 cells abrogates ATRA responsiveness. All this is paralleled by similar effects on ATRA‐dependent inhibition of cell motility, indicating that RARα may mediate also ATRA anti‐metastatic effects. We define gene sets of predictive potential which are associated with ATRA sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines and validate them in short‐term tissue cultures of Luminal/ER+ and triple‐negative tumors. In these last models, we determine the perturbations in the transcriptomic profiles afforded by ATRA. The study provides fundamental information for the development of retinoid‐based therapeutic strategies aimed at the stratified treatment of breast cancer subtypes.
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