Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination.

Bibliographic Details
Title: Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination.
Authors: Philip P Mshelbwala, J Scott Weese, Olufunmilayo A Sanni-Adeniyi, Shovon Chakma, Stephen S Okeme, Abdullah A Mamun, Charles E Rupprecht, R J Soares Magalhaes
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009617 (2021)
Publisher Information: Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
Publication Year: 2021
Collection: LCC:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
LCC:Public aspects of medicine
Subject Terms: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
More Details: BackgroundHuman rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria-the most populous country in Africa-rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control program.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify and select published articles from Nigeria during 1978-2020 reporting on rabies virus infections (human, canine, livestock, and wildlife), canine bites, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys on rabies and canine ecology studies. We extracted information on study location, year and additional details of each study such as rabies prevalence, general characteristics of offending dogs, dog vaccination status and health-seeking behaviours.FindingsBetween 1978 and 2020, 90 published articles met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of rabies virus antigen detection varied between 3% and 28%, with more studies in the north. Most bites were unprovoked from dog bite studies (36.4%-97%), by dogs with low vaccination rates (12-38%). A more significant proportion of biting dogs were owned (31-90%). Laboratory confirmation for biting was available for only a small proportion of studies (6%; n = 2/32). Of the dogs surveyed during ecology studies, indigenous dogs accounted for the majority (62-98%), used mostly for security purposes (52-98%), with the vaccination rate between 15% and 38% in most states. Studies conducted in areas distant from rabies diagnostic facilities accounted for more human rabies cases and fewer dog rabies cases.ConclusionSignificant improvements are necessary to achieve the elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1935-2727
1935-2735
Relation: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009617&type=printable; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009617&type=printable
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009617
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/28109ccc3a524325b9215af8681874bb
Accession Number: edsdoj.28109ccc3a524325b9215af8681874bb
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Philip+P+Mshelbwala%22">Philip P Mshelbwala</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22J+Scott+Weese%22">J Scott Weese</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Olufunmilayo+A+Sanni-Adeniyi%22">Olufunmilayo A Sanni-Adeniyi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shovon+Chakma%22">Shovon Chakma</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stephen+S+Okeme%22">Stephen S Okeme</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdullah+A+Mamun%22">Abdullah A Mamun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Charles+E+Rupprecht%22">Charles E Rupprecht</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22R+J+Soares+Magalhaes%22">R J Soares Magalhaes</searchLink>
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  Data: BackgroundHuman rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria-the most populous country in Africa-rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control program.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify and select published articles from Nigeria during 1978-2020 reporting on rabies virus infections (human, canine, livestock, and wildlife), canine bites, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys on rabies and canine ecology studies. We extracted information on study location, year and additional details of each study such as rabies prevalence, general characteristics of offending dogs, dog vaccination status and health-seeking behaviours.FindingsBetween 1978 and 2020, 90 published articles met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of rabies virus antigen detection varied between 3% and 28%, with more studies in the north. Most bites were unprovoked from dog bite studies (36.4%-97%), by dogs with low vaccination rates (12-38%). A more significant proportion of biting dogs were owned (31-90%). Laboratory confirmation for biting was available for only a small proportion of studies (6%; n = 2/32). Of the dogs surveyed during ecology studies, indigenous dogs accounted for the majority (62-98%), used mostly for security purposes (52-98%), with the vaccination rate between 15% and 38% in most states. Studies conducted in areas distant from rabies diagnostic facilities accounted for more human rabies cases and fewer dog rabies cases.ConclusionSignificant improvements are necessary to achieve the elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030.
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