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The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Non-atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

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Title: The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Non-atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Authors: Tetsuo Horimatsu, Ha Won Kim, Neal L. Weintraub
Source: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 8 (2017)
Publisher Information: Frontiers Media S.A., 2017.
Publication Year: 2017
Collection: LCC:Physiology
Subject Terms: perivascular adipose tissue, neointimal formation, aortic aneurysm, arterial stiffness, vasculitis, Physiology, QP1-981
More Details: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most large blood vessels and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. PVAT releases various chemokines and adipocytokines, functioning in an endocrine and paracrine manner to regulate vascular signaling and inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that PVAT plays an important role in atherosclerosis and hypertension; however, the role of PVAT in non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including neointimal formation, aortic aneurysm, arterial stiffness and vasculitis, has received far less attention. Increasing evidence suggests that PVAT responds to mechanical endovascular injury and regulates the subsequent formation of neointima via factors that promote smooth muscle cell growth, adventitial inflammation and neovascularization. Circumstantial evidence also links PVAT to the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms and vasculitic syndromes, such as Takayasu's arteritis, where infiltration and migration of inflammatory cells from PVAT into the vascular wall may play a contributory role. Moreover, in obesity, PVAT has been implicated to promote stiffness of elastic arteries via the production of reactive oxygen species. This review will discuss the growing body of data and mechanisms linking PVAT to the pathogenesis of non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases in experimental animal models and in humans.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1664-042X
Relation: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00969/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00969
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/1f305ea544854537b7edcfe705f585af
Accession Number: edsdoj.1f305ea544854537b7edcfe705f585af
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Non-atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tetsuo+Horimatsu%22">Tetsuo Horimatsu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ha+Won+Kim%22">Ha Won Kim</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neal+L%2E+Weintraub%22">Neal L. Weintraub</searchLink>
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  Data: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 8 (2017)
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  Data: Frontiers Media S.A., 2017.
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  Data: 2017
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  Data: LCC:Physiology
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22perivascular+adipose+tissue%22">perivascular adipose tissue</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22neointimal+formation%22">neointimal formation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22aortic+aneurysm%22">aortic aneurysm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22arterial+stiffness%22">arterial stiffness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22vasculitis%22">vasculitis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physiology%22">Physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22QP1-981%22">QP1-981</searchLink>
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  Data: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most large blood vessels and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. PVAT releases various chemokines and adipocytokines, functioning in an endocrine and paracrine manner to regulate vascular signaling and inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that PVAT plays an important role in atherosclerosis and hypertension; however, the role of PVAT in non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including neointimal formation, aortic aneurysm, arterial stiffness and vasculitis, has received far less attention. Increasing evidence suggests that PVAT responds to mechanical endovascular injury and regulates the subsequent formation of neointima via factors that promote smooth muscle cell growth, adventitial inflammation and neovascularization. Circumstantial evidence also links PVAT to the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms and vasculitic syndromes, such as Takayasu's arteritis, where infiltration and migration of inflammatory cells from PVAT into the vascular wall may play a contributory role. Moreover, in obesity, PVAT has been implicated to promote stiffness of elastic arteries via the production of reactive oxygen species. This review will discuss the growing body of data and mechanisms linking PVAT to the pathogenesis of non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases in experimental animal models and in humans.
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      – Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: perivascular adipose tissue
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: neointimal formation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: aortic aneurysm
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: arterial stiffness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: vasculitis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: QP1-981
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