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Transcranial doppler velocities in a large healthy population of African children

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Title: Transcranial doppler velocities in a large healthy population of African children
Authors: Nicole F. O'Brien, Hunter C. Johnson, Davin Ambitapio Musungufu, Robert Tandjeka Ekandji, Jean Pongo Mbaka, Lydia Kuseyila Babatila, Ludovic Mayindombe, Buba Giresse, Suzanna Mwanza, Clement Lupumpaula, Janet Simanguwa Chilima, Alice Nanyangwe, Peter Kabemba, Lisa Nkole Kafula, Catherine M. Chunda-Liyoka, Tusekile Phiri, Sylvester June, Montfort Bernard Gushu, George Chagaluka, Peter Moons, Taty Tshimanga
Source: Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp e15419- (2023)
Publisher Information: Elsevier, 2023.
Publication Year: 2023
Collection: LCC:Science (General)
LCC:Social sciences (General)
Subject Terms: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound, Cranial sonography, TCD, Cerebral blood flow velocities, Reference values, Pediatrics, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
More Details: Background and purpose: Transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a tool that diagnoses and monitors pathophysiological changes to the cerebrovasculature. As cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) increase throughout childhood, interpretation of TCD examinations in pediatrics requires comparison to age matched normative data. Large cohorts of healthy children have not been examined to develop these reference values in any population. There is a complete absence of normative values in African children where, due to lack of alternate neuroimaging techniques, utilization of TCD is rapidly emerging. Materials and methods: A prospective study of 710 healthy African children 3 months-15 years was performed. Demographics, vital signs, and hemoglobin values were recorded. Participants underwent a complete, non-imaging TCD examination. Systolic (Vs), diastolic (Vd), and mean (Vm) flow velocities and pulsatility index (PI) were calculated by the instrument for each measurement. Results: Vs, Vd, and Vm increased through early childhood in all vessels, with the highest CBFVs identified in children 5–5.9 years. There were few significant gender differences in CBFVs in any vessels in any age group. No correlations between blood pressure or hemoglobin and CBFVs were identified. Children in the youngest age groups had CBFVs similar to those previously published, whereas nearly every vessel in children ≥3 years had significantly lower Vs, Vd, and Vm. Conclusions: For the first time, reference TCD values for African children are established. Utilization of these CBFVs in the interpretation of TCD examinations in this population will improve the overall accuracy of TCD as a clinical tool on the continent.
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 2405-8440
Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023026269; https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15419
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/107c04e7782d42ff82385504e389e643
Accession Number: edsdoj.107c04e7782d42ff82385504e389e643
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transcranial+Doppler+ultrasound%22">Transcranial Doppler ultrasound</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cranial+sonography%22">Cranial sonography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TCD%22">TCD</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+blood+flow+velocities%22">Cerebral blood flow velocities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reference+values%22">Reference values</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pediatrics%22">Pediatrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+%28General%29%22">Science (General)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Q1-390%22">Q1-390</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+sciences+%28General%29%22">Social sciences (General)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22H1-99%22">H1-99</searchLink>
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  Data: Background and purpose: Transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a tool that diagnoses and monitors pathophysiological changes to the cerebrovasculature. As cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) increase throughout childhood, interpretation of TCD examinations in pediatrics requires comparison to age matched normative data. Large cohorts of healthy children have not been examined to develop these reference values in any population. There is a complete absence of normative values in African children where, due to lack of alternate neuroimaging techniques, utilization of TCD is rapidly emerging. Materials and methods: A prospective study of 710 healthy African children 3 months-15 years was performed. Demographics, vital signs, and hemoglobin values were recorded. Participants underwent a complete, non-imaging TCD examination. Systolic (Vs), diastolic (Vd), and mean (Vm) flow velocities and pulsatility index (PI) were calculated by the instrument for each measurement. Results: Vs, Vd, and Vm increased through early childhood in all vessels, with the highest CBFVs identified in children 5–5.9 years. There were few significant gender differences in CBFVs in any vessels in any age group. No correlations between blood pressure or hemoglobin and CBFVs were identified. Children in the youngest age groups had CBFVs similar to those previously published, whereas nearly every vessel in children ≥3 years had significantly lower Vs, Vd, and Vm. Conclusions: For the first time, reference TCD values for African children are established. Utilization of these CBFVs in the interpretation of TCD examinations in this population will improve the overall accuracy of TCD as a clinical tool on the continent.
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