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Physics with high-luminosity proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC

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Title: Physics with high-luminosity proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC
Authors: d'Enterria, D., Flett, C. A., Grabowska-Bold, I., Hadjidakis, C., Kotko, P., Kusina, A., Lansberg, J. P., McNulty, R., Rinaldi, M., Bonechi, L., Bruce, R., Da Silva, C., Ferreiro, E. G., Fichet, S., Harland-Lang, L., Innocenti, G., Jonas, F., Jowett, J. M., Longo, R., Lynch, K., McGinn, C., Pierog, T., Pitt, M., Redaelli, S., Schenke, B., Schienbein, I., Stefaniak, M., Strikman, M., Szymanowski, L., Takaki, D. Tapia, Van Hulse, C., Wallon, S.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Experiment
Nuclear Theory
Subject Terms: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
More Details: The physics case for the operation of high-luminosity proton-nucleus ($pA$) collisions during Run 3 and 4 at the LHC is reviewed. The collection of $\mathcal{O}$(1-10 pb$^{-1}$) of proton-lead ($p$Pb) collisions at the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities in a broad range of topics including proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs and nPDFs), generalised parton distributions (GPDs), transverse momentum dependent PDFs (TMDs), low-$x$ QCD and parton saturation, hadron spectroscopy, baseline studies for quark-gluon plasma and parton collectivity, double and triple parton scatterings (DPS/TPS), photon-photon collisions, and physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM); which are not otherwise as clearly accessible by exploiting data from any other colliding system at the LHC. This report summarises the accelerator aspects of high-luminosity $pA$ operation at the LHC, as well as each of the physics topics outlined above, including the relevant experimental measurements that motivate -- much -- larger $pA$ datasets.
Comment: 26 pages inc. refs, 1 figure, 3 tables. Slightly expanded version of a contribution submitted for the 2025 European Strategy for Particle Physics
Document Type: Working Paper
Access URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.04268
Accession Number: edsarx.2504.04268
Database: arXiv
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  Data: The physics case for the operation of high-luminosity proton-nucleus ($pA$) collisions during Run 3 and 4 at the LHC is reviewed. The collection of $\mathcal{O}$(1-10 pb$^{-1}$) of proton-lead ($p$Pb) collisions at the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities in a broad range of topics including proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs and nPDFs), generalised parton distributions (GPDs), transverse momentum dependent PDFs (TMDs), low-$x$ QCD and parton saturation, hadron spectroscopy, baseline studies for quark-gluon plasma and parton collectivity, double and triple parton scatterings (DPS/TPS), photon-photon collisions, and physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM); which are not otherwise as clearly accessible by exploiting data from any other colliding system at the LHC. This report summarises the accelerator aspects of high-luminosity $pA$ operation at the LHC, as well as each of the physics topics outlined above, including the relevant experimental measurements that motivate -- much -- larger $pA$ datasets.<br />Comment: 26 pages inc. refs, 1 figure, 3 tables. Slightly expanded version of a contribution submitted for the 2025 European Strategy for Particle Physics
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