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Protosolar D-to-H abundance and one part-per-billion PH$_{3}$ in the coldest brown dwarf

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Title: Protosolar D-to-H abundance and one part-per-billion PH$_{3}$ in the coldest brown dwarf
Authors: Rowland, Melanie J., Morley, Caroline V., Miles, Brittany E., Suárez, Genaro, Faherty, Jacqueline K., Skemer, Andrew J., Beiler, Samuel A., Line, Michael R., Bjoraker, Gordon L., Fortney, Jonathan J., Vos, Johanna M., Merchan, Sherelyn Alejandro, Marley, Mark, Burningham, Ben, Freedman, Richard, Gharib-Nezhad, Ehsan, Batalha, Natasha, Lupu, Roxana, Visscher, Channon, Schneider, Adam C., Geballe, T. R., Carter, Aarynn, Allers, Katelyn, Mang, James, Apai, Dániel, Limbach, Mary Anne, Wilson, Mikayla J.
Publication Year: 2024
Collection: Astrophysics
Subject Terms: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
More Details: The coldest Y spectral type brown dwarfs are similar in mass and temperature to cool and warm ($\sim$200 -- 400 K) giant exoplanets. We can therefore use their atmospheres as proxies for planetary atmospheres, testing our understanding of physics and chemistry for these complex, cool worlds. At these cold temperatures, their atmospheres are cold enough for water clouds to form, and chemical timescales increase, increasing the likelihood of disequilibrium chemistry compared to warmer classes of planets. JWST observations are revolutionizing the characterization of these worlds with high signal-to-noise, moderate resolution near- and mid-infrared spectra. The spectra have been used to measure the abundances of prominent species like water, methane, and ammonia; species that trace chemical reactions like carbon monoxide; and even isotopologues of carbon monoxide and ammonia. Here, we present atmospheric retrieval results using both published fixed-slit (GTO program 1230) and new averaged time series observations (GO program 2327) of the coldest known Y dwarf, WISE 0855-0714 (using NIRSpec G395M spectra), which has an effective temperature of $\sim$ 264 K. We present a detection of deuterium in an atmosphere outside of the solar system via a relative measurement of deuterated methane (CH$_{3}$D) and standard methane. From this, we infer the D/H ratio of a substellar object outside the solar system for the first time. We also present a well-constrained part-per-billion abundance of phosphine (PH$_{3}$). We discuss our interpretation of these results and the implications for brown dwarf and giant exoplanet formation and evolution.
Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ApJ Letters
Document Type: Working Paper
Access URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14541
Accession Number: edsarx.2411.14541
Database: arXiv
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  Data: Protosolar D-to-H abundance and one part-per-billion PH$_{3}$ in the coldest brown dwarf
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  Data: The coldest Y spectral type brown dwarfs are similar in mass and temperature to cool and warm ($\sim$200 -- 400 K) giant exoplanets. We can therefore use their atmospheres as proxies for planetary atmospheres, testing our understanding of physics and chemistry for these complex, cool worlds. At these cold temperatures, their atmospheres are cold enough for water clouds to form, and chemical timescales increase, increasing the likelihood of disequilibrium chemistry compared to warmer classes of planets. JWST observations are revolutionizing the characterization of these worlds with high signal-to-noise, moderate resolution near- and mid-infrared spectra. The spectra have been used to measure the abundances of prominent species like water, methane, and ammonia; species that trace chemical reactions like carbon monoxide; and even isotopologues of carbon monoxide and ammonia. Here, we present atmospheric retrieval results using both published fixed-slit (GTO program 1230) and new averaged time series observations (GO program 2327) of the coldest known Y dwarf, WISE 0855-0714 (using NIRSpec G395M spectra), which has an effective temperature of $\sim$ 264 K. We present a detection of deuterium in an atmosphere outside of the solar system via a relative measurement of deuterated methane (CH$_{3}$D) and standard methane. From this, we infer the D/H ratio of a substellar object outside the solar system for the first time. We also present a well-constrained part-per-billion abundance of phosphine (PH$_{3}$). We discuss our interpretation of these results and the implications for brown dwarf and giant exoplanet formation and evolution.<br />Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ApJ Letters
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      – SubjectFull: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
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      – SubjectFull: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
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