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Observation of the massive Lee-Fukuyama phason in a charge density wave insulator

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Title: Observation of the massive Lee-Fukuyama phason in a charge density wave insulator
Authors: Kim, Soyeun, Lv, Yinchuan, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Zhao, Chengxi, Bielinski, Nina, Murzabekova, Azel, Qu, Kejian, Duncan, Ryan A., Nguyen, Quynh L. D., Trigo, Mariano, Shoemaker, Daniel P., Bradlyn, Barry, Mahmood, Fahad
Publication Year: 2022
Collection: Condensed Matter
Subject Terms: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
More Details: The lowest-lying fundamental excitation of an incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) material is widely believed to be a massless phason -- a collective modulation of the phase of the CDW order parameter. However, as first pointed out by Lee and Fukuyama, long-range Coulomb interactions should push the phason energy up to the plasma energy of the CDW condensate, resulting in a massive phason and a fully gapped spectrum. Whether such behavior occurs in a CDW system has been unresolved for more than four decades. Using time-domain THz emission spectroscopy, we investigate this issue in the material (TaSe$_4$)$_2$I, a classical example of a quasi-one-dimensional CDW insulator. Upon transient photoexcitation at low temperatures, we find the material strikingly emits coherent, narrow-band THz radiation. The frequency, polarization and temperature-dependence of the emitted radiation imply the existence of a phason that acquires mass by coupling to long-range Coulomb interaction. Our observations constitute the first direct evidence of the massive "Lee-Fukuyama" phason and highlight the potential applicability of fundamental collective modes of correlated materials as compact and robust sources of THz radiation.
Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. SI available on request
Document Type: Working Paper
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01504-5
Access URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.14207
Accession Number: edsarx.2210.14207
Database: arXiv
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  Data: Observation of the massive Lee-Fukuyama phason in a charge density wave insulator
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Soyeun%22">Kim, Soyeun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lv%2C+Yinchuan%22">Lv, Yinchuan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Xiao-Qi%22">Sun, Xiao-Qi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Chengxi%22">Zhao, Chengxi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bielinski%2C+Nina%22">Bielinski, Nina</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murzabekova%2C+Azel%22">Murzabekova, Azel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qu%2C+Kejian%22">Qu, Kejian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duncan%2C+Ryan+A%2E%22">Duncan, Ryan A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nguyen%2C+Quynh+L%2E+D%2E%22">Nguyen, Quynh L. D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trigo%2C+Mariano%22">Trigo, Mariano</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shoemaker%2C+Daniel+P%2E%22">Shoemaker, Daniel P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bradlyn%2C+Barry%22">Bradlyn, Barry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahmood%2C+Fahad%22">Mahmood, Fahad</searchLink>
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  Data: 2022
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Condensed+Matter+-+Strongly+Correlated+Electrons%22">Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Condensed+Matter+-+Materials+Science%22">Condensed Matter - Materials Science</searchLink>
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  Data: The lowest-lying fundamental excitation of an incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) material is widely believed to be a massless phason -- a collective modulation of the phase of the CDW order parameter. However, as first pointed out by Lee and Fukuyama, long-range Coulomb interactions should push the phason energy up to the plasma energy of the CDW condensate, resulting in a massive phason and a fully gapped spectrum. Whether such behavior occurs in a CDW system has been unresolved for more than four decades. Using time-domain THz emission spectroscopy, we investigate this issue in the material (TaSe$_4$)$_2$I, a classical example of a quasi-one-dimensional CDW insulator. Upon transient photoexcitation at low temperatures, we find the material strikingly emits coherent, narrow-band THz radiation. The frequency, polarization and temperature-dependence of the emitted radiation imply the existence of a phason that acquires mass by coupling to long-range Coulomb interaction. Our observations constitute the first direct evidence of the massive "Lee-Fukuyama" phason and highlight the potential applicability of fundamental collective modes of correlated materials as compact and robust sources of THz radiation.<br />Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. SI available on request
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  Data: 10.1038/s41563-023-01504-5
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      – SubjectFull: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
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