A 1.3 cm Line Survey toward Orion KL

Bibliographic Details
Title:	A 1.3 cm Line Survey toward Orion KL
Authors:	Gong, Y., Henkel, C., Thorwirth, S., Spezzano, S., Menten, K. M., Walmsley, C. M., Wyrowski, F., Mao, R. Q., Klein, B.
Source:	A&A 581, A48 (2015)
Publication Year:	2015
Collection:	Astrophysics
Subject Terms:	Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
More Details:	Orion KL has served as a benchmark for spectral line searches throughout the (sub)millimeter regime. The main goal is to systematically study spectral characteristics of Orion KL in the 1.3 cm band. We carried out a spectral line survey (17.9 GHz to 26.2 GHz) with the Effelsberg-100 m telescope towards Orion KL. We find 261 spectral lines, yielding an average line density of about 32 spectral features per GHz above 3$\sigma$. The identified lines include 164 radio recombination lines (RRLs) and 97 molecular lines. A total of 23 molecular transitions from species known to exist in Orion KL are detected for the first time in the interstellar medium. Non-metastable 15NH3 transitions are detected in Orion KL for the first time. Based on the velocity information of detected lines and the ALMA images, the spatial origins of molecular emission are constrained and discussed. A narrow feature is found in SO2 ($8_{1,7}-7_{2,6}$), possibly suggesting the presence of a maser line. Column densities and fractional abundances relative to H2 are estimated for 12 molecules with LTE methods. Rotational diagrams of non-metastable 14NH3 transitions with J=K+1 to J=K+4 yield different results; metastable 15NH3 is found to have a higher excitation temperature than non-metastable 15NH3, indicating that they may trace different regions. Elemental and isotopic abundance ratios are estimated: 12C/13C=63+-17, 14N/15N=100+-51, D/H=0.0083+-0.0045. The dispersion of the He/H ratios derived from H$\alpha$/He$\alpha$ pairs to H$\delta$/He$\delta$ pairs is very small, which is consistent with theoretical predictions that the departure coefficients bn factors for hydrogen and helium are nearly identical. Based on a non-LTE code neglecting excitation by the infrared radiation field and a likelihood analysis, we find that the denser regions have lower kinetic temperature, which favors an external heating of the Hot Core. Comment: 70 pages, 26 figures, 12 tables, accepted for publication in A&A. Figs. 1, 2, 8, 9 have been downsized
Document Type:	Working Paper
DOI:	10.1051/0004-6361/201526275
Access URL:	http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.03235
Accession Number:	edsarx.1506.03235
Database:	arXiv

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Items	– Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A 1.3 cm Line Survey toward Orion KL – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gong%2C+Y%2E%22">Gong, Y.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Henkel%2C+C%2E%22">Henkel, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thorwirth%2C+S%2E%22">Thorwirth, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spezzano%2C+S%2E%22">Spezzano, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Menten%2C+K%2E+M%2E%22">Menten, K. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walmsley%2C+C%2E+M%2E%22">Walmsley, C. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wyrowski%2C+F%2E%22">Wyrowski, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mao%2C+R%2E+Q%2E%22">Mao, R. Q.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klein%2C+B%2E%22">Klein, B.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: A&A 581, A48 (2015) – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2015 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: Astrophysics – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Astrophysics+-+Astrophysics+of+Galaxies%22">Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Astrophysics+-+Solar+and+Stellar+Astrophysics%22">Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Orion KL has served as a benchmark for spectral line searches throughout the (sub)millimeter regime. The main goal is to systematically study spectral characteristics of Orion KL in the 1.3 cm band. We carried out a spectral line survey (17.9 GHz to 26.2 GHz) with the Effelsberg-100 m telescope towards Orion KL. We find 261 spectral lines, yielding an average line density of about 32 spectral features per GHz above 3$\sigma$. The identified lines include 164 radio recombination lines (RRLs) and 97 molecular lines. A total of 23 molecular transitions from species known to exist in Orion KL are detected for the first time in the interstellar medium. Non-metastable 15NH3 transitions are detected in Orion KL for the first time. Based on the velocity information of detected lines and the ALMA images, the spatial origins of molecular emission are constrained and discussed. A narrow feature is found in SO2 ($8_{1,7}-7_{2,6}$), possibly suggesting the presence of a maser line. Column densities and fractional abundances relative to H2 are estimated for 12 molecules with LTE methods. Rotational diagrams of non-metastable 14NH3 transitions with J=K+1 to J=K+4 yield different results; metastable 15NH3 is found to have a higher excitation temperature than non-metastable 15NH3, indicating that they may trace different regions. Elemental and isotopic abundance ratios are estimated: 12C/13C=63+-17, 14N/15N=100+-51, D/H=0.0083+-0.0045. The dispersion of the He/H ratios derived from H$\alpha$/He$\alpha$ pairs to H$\delta$/He$\delta$ pairs is very small, which is consistent with theoretical predictions that the departure coefficients bn factors for hydrogen and helium are nearly identical. Based on a non-LTE code neglecting excitation by the infrared radiation field and a likelihood analysis, we find that the denser regions have lower kinetic temperature, which favors an external heating of the Hot Core.<br />Comment: 70 pages, 26 figures, 12 tables, accepted for publication in A&A. Figs. 1, 2, 8, 9 have been downsized – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: Working Paper – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526275 – Name: URL Label: Access URL Group: URL Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.03235" linkWindow="_blank">http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.03235</link> – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsarx.1506.03235
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RecordInfo	BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526275 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Type: general – SubjectFull: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A 1.3 cm Line Survey toward Orion KL Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gong, Y. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Henkel, C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Thorwirth, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Spezzano, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Menten, K. M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Walmsley, C. M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wyrowski, F. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mao, R. Q. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Klein, B. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 10 M: 06 Type: published Y: 2015
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