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The SIMPLE Phase II Dark Matter Search

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Title: The SIMPLE Phase II Dark Matter Search
Authors: Felizardo, M., Girard, TA, Morlat, T., Fernandes, A. C., Ramos, A. R., Marques, J. G., Kling, A., Puibasset, J., Auguste, M., Boyer, D., Cavaillou, A., Poupeney, J., Sudre, C., Carvalho, F. P., Prudencio, M. I., Marques, R.
Publication Year: 2014
Collection: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Physics (Other)
Subject Terms: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
More Details: Phase II of SIMPLE (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLe Experiments) searched for astroparticle dark matter using superheated liquid C$_{2}$ClF$_{5}$ droplet detectors. Each droplet generally requires an energy deposition with linear energy transfer (LET) $\gtrsim$ 150 keV/$\mu$m for a liquid-to-gas phase transition, providing an intrinsic rejection against minimum ionizing particles of order 10$^{-10}$, and reducing the backgrounds to primarily $\alpha$ and neutron-induced recoil events. The droplet phase transition generates a millimetric-sized gas bubble which is recorded by acoustic means. We describe the SIMPLE detectors, their acoustic instrumentation, and the characterizations, signal analysis and data selection which yield a particle-induced, "true nucleation" event detection efficiency of better than 97% at a 95% C.L. The recoil-$\alpha$ event discrimination, determined using detectors first irradiated with neutrons and then doped with alpha emitters, provides a recoil identification of better than 99%; it differs from those of COUPP and PICASSO primarily as a result of their different liquids with lower critical LETs. The science measurements, comprising two shielded arrays of fifteen detectors each and a total exposure of 27.77 kgd, are detailed. Removal of the 1.94 kgd Stage 1 installation period data, which had previously been mistakenly included in the data, reduces the science exposure from 20.18 to 18.24 kgd and provides new contour minima of $\sigma_{p}$ = 4.3 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ pb at 35 GeV/c$^{2}$ in the spin-dependent sector of WIMP-proton interactions and $\sigma_{N}$ = 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ pb at 35 GeV/c$^{2}$ in the spin-independent sector. These results are examined with respect to the fluorine spin and halo parameters used in the previous data analysis.
Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures; accepted Physical Review D
Document Type: Working Paper
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.072013
Access URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.4309
Accession Number: edsarx.1404.4309
Database: arXiv
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Felizardo%2C+M%2E%22">Felizardo, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Girard%2C+TA%22">Girard, TA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morlat%2C+T%2E%22">Morlat, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernandes%2C+A%2E+C%2E%22">Fernandes, A. C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramos%2C+A%2E+R%2E%22">Ramos, A. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marques%2C+J%2E+G%2E%22">Marques, J. G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kling%2C+A%2E%22">Kling, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Puibasset%2C+J%2E%22">Puibasset, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Auguste%2C+M%2E%22">Auguste, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boyer%2C+D%2E%22">Boyer, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cavaillou%2C+A%2E%22">Cavaillou, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Poupeney%2C+J%2E%22">Poupeney, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sudre%2C+C%2E%22">Sudre, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carvalho%2C+F%2E+P%2E%22">Carvalho, F. P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prudencio%2C+M%2E+I%2E%22">Prudencio, M. I.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marques%2C+R%2E%22">Marques, R.</searchLink>
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  Data: 2014
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  Data: Phase II of SIMPLE (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLe Experiments) searched for astroparticle dark matter using superheated liquid C$_{2}$ClF$_{5}$ droplet detectors. Each droplet generally requires an energy deposition with linear energy transfer (LET) $\gtrsim$ 150 keV/$\mu$m for a liquid-to-gas phase transition, providing an intrinsic rejection against minimum ionizing particles of order 10$^{-10}$, and reducing the backgrounds to primarily $\alpha$ and neutron-induced recoil events. The droplet phase transition generates a millimetric-sized gas bubble which is recorded by acoustic means. We describe the SIMPLE detectors, their acoustic instrumentation, and the characterizations, signal analysis and data selection which yield a particle-induced, "true nucleation" event detection efficiency of better than 97% at a 95% C.L. The recoil-$\alpha$ event discrimination, determined using detectors first irradiated with neutrons and then doped with alpha emitters, provides a recoil identification of better than 99%; it differs from those of COUPP and PICASSO primarily as a result of their different liquids with lower critical LETs. The science measurements, comprising two shielded arrays of fifteen detectors each and a total exposure of 27.77 kgd, are detailed. Removal of the 1.94 kgd Stage 1 installation period data, which had previously been mistakenly included in the data, reduces the science exposure from 20.18 to 18.24 kgd and provides new contour minima of $\sigma_{p}$ = 4.3 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ pb at 35 GeV/c$^{2}$ in the spin-dependent sector of WIMP-proton interactions and $\sigma_{N}$ = 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ pb at 35 GeV/c$^{2}$ in the spin-independent sector. These results are examined with respect to the fluorine spin and halo parameters used in the previous data analysis.<br />Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures; accepted Physical Review D
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