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Therapeutic potential of Indonesian plant extracts in combating malaria and protozoan neglected tropical disease.

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Title: Therapeutic potential of Indonesian plant extracts in combating malaria and protozoan neglected tropical disease.
Authors: Sari, Defi Kartika, Jeelani, Ghulam, Ilmi, Hilkatul, Tumewu, Lidya, Wahyuni, Ratna, Widyawaruyanti, Aty, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Hafid, Achmad Fuad
Source: BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies; 12/18/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-10, 10p
Subject Terms: DRUG therapy for malaria, MALARIA prevention, TROPICAL medicine, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, RESEARCH funding, PLANT roots, CULTURE media (Biology), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, PLANT extracts, PROTOZOAN diseases, CYTOTOXINS, MEDICINAL plants, LIQUID chromatography, MOLECULAR structure, ANTIPROTOZOAL agents, MICROSCOPY, DATA analysis software, PHARMACODYNAMICS
Geographic Terms: INDONESIA
Abstract: Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict nearly 2 billion people worldwide and are caused by various pathogens, such as bacteria, protozoa, and trypanosoma, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the 17 NTDs recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), protozoal infections caused by Plasmodium, Entamoeba, Leishmania, and Trypanosoma are particularly prominent and pose significant public health. Indonesia, endowed with a rich biodiversity owing to its tropical climate, harbors numerous plant species with potent biological activities that hold promise for therapeutic interventions. Hence, efforts have been directed towards exploring Indonesian plant extracts and isolated compounds for their potential in combating protozoal diseases. Methods: This study evaluated the antiprotozoal properties of 48 plant extracts sourced from the Cratoxylum, Diospyros, and Artocarpus genera. These extracts were screened using cell-based assays against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), Leishmania donovani (Ld), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). Results: Extracts derived from the roots of Cratoxylum arborescens, obtained through dichloromethane extraction, exhibited significant activity against protozoa, with an IC50 value ranging from 0.1 to 8.2 µg/mL. Furthermore, cochinchinone C was identified as an active compound capable of inhibiting the growth of Pf, Eh, Ld, and Tbr, Tc trypomastigote, and Tc epimastigote with IC50 values of 5.8 µM, 6.1 µM, 0.2 µM, 0.1 µM, 0.7 µM, and 0.07 µM, respectively. Cochinchinone C is the first compound reported to exhibit activity against protozoal neglected tropical diseases, showing low cytotoxicity with a selectivity index greater than 10 when tested against carcinoma and normal cell lines. This suggests indicating its potential as a candidate for further drug development. This is the first report of cochinchinone C's activity against these protozoans. Conclusion: These findings establish cochinchinone C as a strong candidate for antiprotozoal drug development, highlighting the untapped therapeutic potential of Indonesia's rich plant biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Therapeutic potential of Indonesian plant extracts in combating malaria and protozoan neglected tropical disease.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sari%2C+Defi+Kartika%22">Sari, Defi Kartika</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jeelani%2C+Ghulam%22">Jeelani, Ghulam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ilmi%2C+Hilkatul%22">Ilmi, Hilkatul</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tumewu%2C+Lidya%22">Tumewu, Lidya</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wahyuni%2C+Ratna%22">Wahyuni, Ratna</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Widyawaruyanti%2C+Aty%22">Widyawaruyanti, Aty</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nozaki%2C+Tomoyoshi%22">Nozaki, Tomoyoshi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hafid%2C+Achmad+Fuad%22">Hafid, Achmad Fuad</searchLink>
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  Data: BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies; 12/18/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-10, 10p
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  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DRUG+therapy+for+malaria%22">DRUG therapy for malaria</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MALARIA+prevention%22">MALARIA prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TROPICAL+medicine%22">TROPICAL medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NUCLEAR+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy%22">NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22RESEARCH+funding%22">RESEARCH funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PLANT+roots%22">PLANT roots</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CULTURE+media+%28Biology%29%22">CULTURE media (Biology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DESCRIPTIVE+statistics%22">DESCRIPTIVE statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PLANT+extracts%22">PLANT extracts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PROTOZOAN+diseases%22">PROTOZOAN diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CYTOTOXINS%22">CYTOTOXINS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDICINAL+plants%22">MEDICINAL plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LIQUID+chromatography%22">LIQUID chromatography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MOLECULAR+structure%22">MOLECULAR structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ANTIPROTOZOAL+agents%22">ANTIPROTOZOAL agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MICROSCOPY%22">MICROSCOPY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DATA+analysis+software%22">DATA analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PHARMACODYNAMICS%22">PHARMACODYNAMICS</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INDONESIA%22">INDONESIA</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict nearly 2 billion people worldwide and are caused by various pathogens, such as bacteria, protozoa, and trypanosoma, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the 17 NTDs recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), protozoal infections caused by Plasmodium, Entamoeba, Leishmania, and Trypanosoma are particularly prominent and pose significant public health. Indonesia, endowed with a rich biodiversity owing to its tropical climate, harbors numerous plant species with potent biological activities that hold promise for therapeutic interventions. Hence, efforts have been directed towards exploring Indonesian plant extracts and isolated compounds for their potential in combating protozoal diseases. Methods: This study evaluated the antiprotozoal properties of 48 plant extracts sourced from the Cratoxylum, Diospyros, and Artocarpus genera. These extracts were screened using cell-based assays against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), Leishmania donovani (Ld), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). Results: Extracts derived from the roots of Cratoxylum arborescens, obtained through dichloromethane extraction, exhibited significant activity against protozoa, with an IC<subscript>50</subscript> value ranging from 0.1 to 8.2 µg/mL. Furthermore, cochinchinone C was identified as an active compound capable of inhibiting the growth of Pf, Eh, Ld, and Tbr, Tc trypomastigote, and Tc epimastigote with IC<subscript>50</subscript> values of 5.8 µM, 6.1 µM, 0.2 µM, 0.1 µM, 0.7 µM, and 0.07 µM, respectively. Cochinchinone C is the first compound reported to exhibit activity against protozoal neglected tropical diseases, showing low cytotoxicity with a selectivity index greater than 10 when tested against carcinoma and normal cell lines. This suggests indicating its potential as a candidate for further drug development. This is the first report of cochinchinone C's activity against these protozoans. Conclusion: These findings establish cochinchinone C as a strong candidate for antiprotozoal drug development, highlighting the untapped therapeutic potential of Indonesia's rich plant biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of BMC Complementary Medicine & Therapies is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1186/s12906-024-04717-6
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: INDONESIA
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DRUG therapy for malaria
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MALARIA prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: TROPICAL medicine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RESEARCH funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PLANT roots
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CULTURE media (Biology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DESCRIPTIVE statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PLANT extracts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PROTOZOAN diseases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CYTOTOXINS
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MEDICINAL plants
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      – SubjectFull: LIQUID chromatography
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      – SubjectFull: MOLECULAR structure
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      – SubjectFull: ANTIPROTOZOAL agents
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      – SubjectFull: PHARMACODYNAMICS
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              Text: 12/18/2024
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              Y: 2024
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