Comparing Loneliness, Social Inactivity, and Social Isolation: Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality among Home-Dwelling Older Adults.
| Title: | Comparing Loneliness, Social Inactivity, and Social Isolation: Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality among Home-Dwelling Older Adults. |
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| Authors: | Rautiainen, Laura J., Jansson, Anu H., Knuutila, Mia, Aalto, Ulla L., Kolster, Annika, Kautiainen, Hannu, Strandberg, Timo E., Pitkala, Kaisu H. |
| Source: | Gerontology; 2024, Vol. 70 Issue 10, p1103-1112, 10p |
| Subject Terms: | QUALITY of life, SOCIAL isolation, MINI-Mental State Examination, PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being, OLDER people |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation are intertwined concepts. When assessed separately, they indicate poor well-being, adverse health effects, and increased mortality. Studies exploring overlapping and comparing the prognosis of these concepts are scarce. We investigated (1) overlapping of concepts of loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation, (2) characteristics of groups: group 0 (not lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated), group 1 (lonely), group 2 (not lonely but socially inactive and/or socially isolated), and (3) the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological well-being (PWB), and 3.6-year mortality of these groups. Methods: The home-dwelling older adults (n = 989; 75 y+) of the Helsinki Aging Study in 2019–2022 completing all required questionnaires were assessed. Group 0 included 494, group 1 included 280, and group 2 included 215 participants. Variables studied were demographics, diagnoses, mobility, physical functioning (Barthel index), and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination). Outcomes were HRQoL (15D) and PWB. Mortality was retrieved from central registers. Results: Half of the sample was lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated, but only 2% were simultaneously lonely, socially inactive, and socially isolated. Of lonely participants, 38% were also socially inactive and/or socially isolated. The lonely participants were significantly more often widowed or lived alone and had the lowest HRQoL and poorest PWB compared with the other groups. After adjustments (age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index), mortality did not statistically differ between the groups. Conclusion: Loneliness is an independent determinant of poor HRQoL and PWB, and it should be considered separately from social inactivity and social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Complementary Index |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Comparing Loneliness, Social Inactivity, and Social Isolation: Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality among Home-Dwelling Older Adults. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rautiainen%2C+Laura+J%2E%22">Rautiainen, Laura J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jansson%2C+Anu+H%2E%22">Jansson, Anu H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Knuutila%2C+Mia%22">Knuutila, Mia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aalto%2C+Ulla+L%2E%22">Aalto, Ulla L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kolster%2C+Annika%22">Kolster, Annika</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kautiainen%2C+Hannu%22">Kautiainen, Hannu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strandberg%2C+Timo+E%2E%22">Strandberg, Timo E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pitkala%2C+Kaisu+H%2E%22">Pitkala, Kaisu H.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Gerontology; 2024, Vol. 70 Issue 10, p1103-1112, 10p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22QUALITY+of+life%22">QUALITY of life</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SOCIAL+isolation%22">SOCIAL isolation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MINI-Mental+State+Examination%22">MINI-Mental State Examination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PSYCHOLOGICAL+well-being%22">PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22OLDER+people%22">OLDER people</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Introduction: Loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation are intertwined concepts. When assessed separately, they indicate poor well-being, adverse health effects, and increased mortality. Studies exploring overlapping and comparing the prognosis of these concepts are scarce. We investigated (1) overlapping of concepts of loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation, (2) characteristics of groups: group 0 (not lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated), group 1 (lonely), group 2 (not lonely but socially inactive and/or socially isolated), and (3) the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological well-being (PWB), and 3.6-year mortality of these groups. Methods: The home-dwelling older adults (n = 989; 75 y+) of the Helsinki Aging Study in 2019–2022 completing all required questionnaires were assessed. Group 0 included 494, group 1 included 280, and group 2 included 215 participants. Variables studied were demographics, diagnoses, mobility, physical functioning (Barthel index), and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination). Outcomes were HRQoL (15D) and PWB. Mortality was retrieved from central registers. Results: Half of the sample was lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated, but only 2% were simultaneously lonely, socially inactive, and socially isolated. Of lonely participants, 38% were also socially inactive and/or socially isolated. The lonely participants were significantly more often widowed or lived alone and had the lowest HRQoL and poorest PWB compared with the other groups. After adjustments (age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index), mortality did not statistically differ between the groups. Conclusion: Loneliness is an independent determinant of poor HRQoL and PWB, and it should be considered separately from social inactivity and social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Gerontology is the property of Karger AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1159/000540345 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 1103 Subjects: – SubjectFull: QUALITY of life Type: general – SubjectFull: SOCIAL isolation Type: general – SubjectFull: MINI-Mental State Examination Type: general – SubjectFull: PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being Type: general – SubjectFull: OLDER people Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Comparing Loneliness, Social Inactivity, and Social Isolation: Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality among Home-Dwelling Older Adults. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rautiainen, Laura J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jansson, Anu H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Knuutila, Mia – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Aalto, Ulla L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kolster, Annika – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kautiainen, Hannu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Strandberg, Timo E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pitkala, Kaisu H. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: 2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0304324X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 70 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Gerontology Type: main |
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