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Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.

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Title: Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.
Authors: Mazziotti, Valentina, Crescenzo, Francesco, Tamanti, Agnese, Dapor, Caterina, Ziccardi, Stefano, Guandalini, Maddalena, Colombi, Annalisa, Camera, Valentina, Peloso, Angela, Pezzini, Francesco, Turano, Ermanna, Marastoni, Damiano, Calabrese, Massimiliano
Source: Biomedicines; Dec2022, Vol. 10 Issue 12, p3034, 11p
Subject Terms: IMMUNE response, COVID-19 vaccines, MULTIPLE sclerosis, INFLAMMATORY mediators, PEARSON correlation (Statistics)
Abstract: The impact of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the immune response to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) needs further elucidation. We investigated BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effects concerning antibody seroconversion, inflammatory mediators' level and immunophenotype assessment in pwMS treated with cladribine (c-pwMS, n = 29), fingolimod (f-pwMS, n = 15) and ocrelizumab (o-pwMS, n = 54). Anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig)-G detection was performed by an enzyme immunoassay; molecular mediators (GrB, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were quantified using the ELLA platform, and immunophenotype was assessed by flow cytometry. ANCOVA, Student's t-test and Pearson correlation analyses were applied. Only one o-pwMS showed a mild COVID-19 infection despite most o-pwMS lacking seroconversion and showing lower anti-spike IgG titers than c-pwMS and f-pwMS. No significant difference in cytokine production and lymphocyte count was observed in c-pwMS and f-pwMS. In contrast, in o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB levels was detected after vaccination. Considering non-seroconverted o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB serum levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte count was found after vaccination, and a negative correlation was observed between anti-spike IgG production and CD4+ T cells count. Differences in inflammatory mediators' production after BNT162b2 vaccination in o-pwMS, specifically in those lacking anti-spike IgG, suggest a protective cellular immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Biomedicines is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazziotti%2C+Valentina%22">Mazziotti, Valentina</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crescenzo%2C+Francesco%22">Crescenzo, Francesco</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tamanti%2C+Agnese%22">Tamanti, Agnese</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dapor%2C+Caterina%22">Dapor, Caterina</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ziccardi%2C+Stefano%22">Ziccardi, Stefano</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guandalini%2C+Maddalena%22">Guandalini, Maddalena</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Colombi%2C+Annalisa%22">Colombi, Annalisa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Camera%2C+Valentina%22">Camera, Valentina</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peloso%2C+Angela%22">Peloso, Angela</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pezzini%2C+Francesco%22">Pezzini, Francesco</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turano%2C+Ermanna%22">Turano, Ermanna</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marastoni%2C+Damiano%22">Marastoni, Damiano</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Calabrese%2C+Massimiliano%22">Calabrese, Massimiliano</searchLink>
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  Data: Biomedicines; Dec2022, Vol. 10 Issue 12, p3034, 11p
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22IMMUNE+response%22">IMMUNE response</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+vaccines%22">COVID-19 vaccines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MULTIPLE+sclerosis%22">MULTIPLE sclerosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INFLAMMATORY+mediators%22">INFLAMMATORY mediators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PEARSON+correlation+%28Statistics%29%22">PEARSON correlation (Statistics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The impact of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the immune response to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) needs further elucidation. We investigated BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effects concerning antibody seroconversion, inflammatory mediators' level and immunophenotype assessment in pwMS treated with cladribine (c-pwMS, n = 29), fingolimod (f-pwMS, n = 15) and ocrelizumab (o-pwMS, n = 54). Anti-spike immunoglobulin (Ig)-G detection was performed by an enzyme immunoassay; molecular mediators (GrB, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were quantified using the ELLA platform, and immunophenotype was assessed by flow cytometry. ANCOVA, Student's t-test and Pearson correlation analyses were applied. Only one o-pwMS showed a mild COVID-19 infection despite most o-pwMS lacking seroconversion and showing lower anti-spike IgG titers than c-pwMS and f-pwMS. No significant difference in cytokine production and lymphocyte count was observed in c-pwMS and f-pwMS. In contrast, in o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB levels was detected after vaccination. Considering non-seroconverted o-pwMS, a significant increase in GrB serum levels and CD4+ T lymphocyte count was found after vaccination, and a negative correlation was observed between anti-spike IgG production and CD4+ T cells count. Differences in inflammatory mediators' production after BNT162b2 vaccination in o-pwMS, specifically in those lacking anti-spike IgG, suggest a protective cellular immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Biomedicines is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/biomedicines10123034
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 3034
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: IMMUNE response
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 vaccines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MULTIPLE sclerosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: INFLAMMATORY mediators
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      – SubjectFull: PEARSON correlation (Statistics)
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      – TitleFull: Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.
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              Text: Dec2022
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              Y: 2022
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