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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolates From Healthy Pigs in Australia: Results of a Pilot National Survey.

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Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolates From Healthy Pigs in Australia: Results of a Pilot National Survey.
Authors: Kidsley, Amanda K., Abraham, Sam, Bell, Jan M., O'Dea, Mark, Laird, Tanya J., Jordan, David, Mitchell, Pat, McDevitt, Christopher A., Trott, Darren J.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology; 7/9/2018, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 11p
Subject Terms: MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, ESCHERICHIA coli, SALMONELLA
Abstract: This study investigated the frequency of antimicrobial non-susceptibility (defined as the frequency of isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations above the CLSI susceptible clinical breakpoint) among E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy Australian finisher pigs. E. coli (n = 201) and Salmonella spp. (n = 69) were isolated from cecal contents of slaughter-age pigs, originating from 19 farms distributed throughout Australia during July-December 2015. Isolates underwent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility testing to 11 antimicrobials. The highest frequencies of non-susceptibility among respective isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were to ampicillin (60.2 and 20.3%), tetracycline (68.2 and 26.1%), chloramphenicol (47.8 and 7.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.8 and 11.6%). Four E. coli isolates had MICs above the wild-type epidemiological cut-off value for ciprofloxacin, with two isolates from the same farm classified as clinically resistant (MICs of > 4 μg/ml), a noteworthy finding given that fluoroquinolones (FQs) are not legally available for use in Australian food-producing animals. Three of these four E. coli isolates belonged to the sequence type (ST) 10, which has been isolated from both humans and production animals, whilst one isolate belonged to a new ST (7573) and possessed qnrS1. This study shows that non-susceptibility to first line antimicrobials is common among E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from healthy slaughter age pigs in Australia. However, very low levels of non-susceptibility to critically important antimicrobials (CIAs), namely third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were observed. Nevertheless, the isolation of two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from Australian pigs demonstrates that even in the absence of local antimicrobial selection pressure, fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli clonal lineages may enter livestock production facilities despite strict biosecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Frontiers in Microbiology is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. Isolates From Healthy Pigs in Australia: Results of a Pilot National Survey.
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  Data: Frontiers in Microbiology; 7/9/2018, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 11p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MICROBIAL+sensitivity+tests%22">MICROBIAL sensitivity tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ESCHERICHIA+coli%22">ESCHERICHIA coli</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SALMONELLA%22">SALMONELLA</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study investigated the frequency of antimicrobial non-susceptibility (defined as the frequency of isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations above the CLSI susceptible clinical breakpoint) among <italic>E. coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. isolated from healthy Australian finisher pigs. <italic>E. coli</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 201) and <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. (<italic>n</italic> = 69) were isolated from cecal contents of slaughter-age pigs, originating from 19 farms distributed throughout Australia during July-December 2015. Isolates underwent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility testing to 11 antimicrobials. The highest frequencies of non-susceptibility among respective isolates of <italic>E. coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. were to ampicillin (60.2 and 20.3%), tetracycline (68.2 and 26.1%), chloramphenicol (47.8 and 7.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.8 and 11.6%). Four <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates had MICs above the wild-type epidemiological cut-off value for ciprofloxacin, with two isolates from the same farm classified as clinically resistant (MICs of > 4 μg/ml), a noteworthy finding given that fluoroquinolones (FQs) are not legally available for use in Australian food-producing animals. Three of these four <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates belonged to the sequence type (ST) 10, which has been isolated from both humans and production animals, whilst one isolate belonged to a new ST (7573) and possessed <italic>qnrS1</italic>. This study shows that non-susceptibility to first line antimicrobials is common among <italic>E. coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. isolates from healthy slaughter age pigs in Australia. However, very low levels of non-susceptibility to critically important antimicrobials (CIAs), namely third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were observed. Nevertheless, the isolation of two ciprofloxacin-resistant <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates from Australian pigs demonstrates that even in the absence of local antimicrobial selection pressure, fluoroquinolone-resistant <italic>E. coli</italic> clonal lineages may enter livestock production facilities despite strict biosecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Frontiers in Microbiology is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01207
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
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      – SubjectFull: MICROBIAL sensitivity tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: ESCHERICHIA coli
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SALMONELLA
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. Isolates From Healthy Pigs in Australia: Results of a Pilot National Survey.
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              Text: 7/9/2018
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