An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China.
| Title: | An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Li, Chun1, Wu, Xiao-Chun2, Rieppel, Olivier3, Wang, Li-Ting4, Zhao, Li-Jun5 |
| Source: | Nature. 11/27/2008, Vol. 456 Issue 7221, p497-501. 5p. 3 Diagrams. |
| Subject Terms: | *REPTILE evolution, *TURTLE anatomy, *FOSSIL turtles, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *TRIASSIC stratigraphic geology, *PHYLOGENY, *MARINE sediments |
| Geographic Terms: | CHINA |
| Abstract: | The origin of the turtle body plan remains one of the great mysteries of reptile evolution. The anatomy of turtles is highly derived, which renders it difficult to establish the relationships of turtles with other groups of reptiles. The oldest known turtle, Proganochelys from the Late Triassic period of Germany, has a fully formed shell and offers no clue as to its origin. Here we describe a new 220-million-year-old turtle from China, somewhat older than Proganochelys, that documents an intermediate step in the evolution of the shell and associated structures. A ventral plastron is fully developed, but the dorsal carapace consists of neural plates only. The dorsal ribs are expanded, and osteoderms are absent. The new species shows that the plastron evolved before the carapace and that the first step of carapace formation is the ossification of the neural plates coupled with a broadening of the ribs. This corresponds to early embryonic stages of carapace formation in extant turtles, and shows that the turtle shell is not derived from a fusion of osteoderms. Phylogenetic analysis places the new species basal to all known turtles, fossil and extant. The marine deposits that yielded the fossils indicate that this primitive turtle inhabited marginal areas of the sea or river deltas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Academic Search Complete |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Chun%22">Li, Chun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Xiao-Chun%22">Wu, Xiao-Chun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rieppel%2C+Olivier%22">Rieppel, Olivier</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Li-Ting%22">Wang, Li-Ting</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Li-Jun%22">Zhao, Li-Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink>. 11/27/2008, Vol. 456 Issue 7221, p497-501. 5p. 3 Diagrams. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22REPTILE+evolution%22">REPTILE evolution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TURTLE+anatomy%22">TURTLE anatomy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22FOSSIL+turtles%22">FOSSIL turtles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BIOLOGICAL+evolution%22">BIOLOGICAL evolution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TRIASSIC+stratigraphic+geology%22">TRIASSIC stratigraphic geology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PHYLOGENY%22">PHYLOGENY</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MARINE+sediments%22">MARINE sediments</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CHINA%22">CHINA</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The origin of the turtle body plan remains one of the great mysteries of reptile evolution. The anatomy of turtles is highly derived, which renders it difficult to establish the relationships of turtles with other groups of reptiles. The oldest known turtle, Proganochelys from the Late Triassic period of Germany, has a fully formed shell and offers no clue as to its origin. Here we describe a new 220-million-year-old turtle from China, somewhat older than Proganochelys, that documents an intermediate step in the evolution of the shell and associated structures. A ventral plastron is fully developed, but the dorsal carapace consists of neural plates only. The dorsal ribs are expanded, and osteoderms are absent. The new species shows that the plastron evolved before the carapace and that the first step of carapace formation is the ossification of the neural plates coupled with a broadening of the ribs. This corresponds to early embryonic stages of carapace formation in extant turtles, and shows that the turtle shell is not derived from a fusion of osteoderms. Phylogenetic analysis places the new species basal to all known turtles, fossil and extant. The marine deposits that yielded the fossils indicate that this primitive turtle inhabited marginal areas of the sea or river deltas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1038/nature07533 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 5 StartPage: 497 Subjects: – SubjectFull: CHINA Type: general – SubjectFull: REPTILE evolution Type: general – SubjectFull: TURTLE anatomy Type: general – SubjectFull: FOSSIL turtles Type: general – SubjectFull: BIOLOGICAL evolution Type: general – SubjectFull: TRIASSIC stratigraphic geology Type: general – SubjectFull: PHYLOGENY Type: general – SubjectFull: MARINE sediments Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Li, Chun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wu, Xiao-Chun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rieppel, Olivier – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Li-Ting – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhao, Li-Jun IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 27 M: 11 Text: 11/27/2008 Type: published Y: 2008 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00280836 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 456 – Type: issue Value: 7221 Titles: – TitleFull: Nature Type: main |
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