Impact of scented candle use on indoor air quality and airborne microbiome.
| Title: | Impact of scented candle use on indoor air quality and airborne microbiome. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Yun, Hyunjun1 (AUTHOR), Seo, Ji Hoon2 (AUTHOR), Kim, Yong Gu3 (AUTHOR), Yang, Jinho3 (AUTHOR) iamjinho@semyung.ac.kr |
| Source: | Scientific Reports. 3/25/2025, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p. |
| Subject Terms: | *SCENTED candles, *PARTICULATE matter, *EXTRACELLULAR vesicles, *PUBLIC health, *HOMESITES, *MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols |
| Abstract: | Indoor air quality has become a growing concern worldwide due to its significant impact on human health, particularly in residential environments where people spend most of their time. Many studies have examined particulate matter (PM) in indoor air and indoor bioaerosols. However, there is a significant lack of research on airborne micro-sized bacteria (m-AB) and nano-sized bacterial extracellular vesicles (n-ABE), particularly those produced by common household activities, such as burning scented candles. This study investigates changes in PM concentrations and indoor microbiome composition resulting from candle use. Air samples were collected from three locations in residential homes: at the candle-lit spot (CL), 3 m away (3m_CL), and 6 m away (6m_CL). PM10 concentrations peaked at 1.52 times the baseline at the source after 5 min of burning, while PM2.5 and PM1 remained elevated at 3m_CL and 6m_CL over time. Before burning, dominant m-AB genera included Phyllobacterium and Pseudomonas, while post-burning, Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum in n-ABE significantly increased, marking its first detection in indoor air. This suggests that existing airborne bacteria may undergo growth or apoptosis due to combustion byproducts. These findings highlight the importance of improving ventilation in indoor spaces to minimize health risks from prolonged exposure to airborne particles and bacterial vesicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Impact of scented candle use on indoor air quality and airborne microbiome. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yun%2C+Hyunjun%22">Yun, Hyunjun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seo%2C+Ji+Hoon%22">Seo, Ji Hoon</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Yong+Gu%22">Kim, Yong Gu</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Jinho%22">Yang, Jinho</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> iamjinho@semyung.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Scientific+Reports%22">Scientific Reports</searchLink>. 3/25/2025, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SCENTED+candles%22">SCENTED candles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PARTICULATE+matter%22">PARTICULATE matter</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EXTRACELLULAR+vesicles%22">EXTRACELLULAR vesicles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PUBLIC+health%22">PUBLIC health</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HOMESITES%22">HOMESITES</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MICROBIOLOGICAL+aerosols%22">MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Indoor air quality has become a growing concern worldwide due to its significant impact on human health, particularly in residential environments where people spend most of their time. Many studies have examined particulate matter (PM) in indoor air and indoor bioaerosols. However, there is a significant lack of research on airborne micro-sized bacteria (m-AB) and nano-sized bacterial extracellular vesicles (n-ABE), particularly those produced by common household activities, such as burning scented candles. This study investigates changes in PM concentrations and indoor microbiome composition resulting from candle use. Air samples were collected from three locations in residential homes: at the candle-lit spot (CL), 3 m away (3m_CL), and 6 m away (6m_CL). PM10 concentrations peaked at 1.52 times the baseline at the source after 5 min of burning, while PM2.5 and PM1 remained elevated at 3m_CL and 6m_CL over time. Before burning, dominant m-AB genera included Phyllobacterium and Pseudomonas, while post-burning, Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum in n-ABE significantly increased, marking its first detection in indoor air. This suggests that existing airborne bacteria may undergo growth or apoptosis due to combustion byproducts. These findings highlight the importance of improving ventilation in indoor spaces to minimize health risks from prolonged exposure to airborne particles and bacterial vesicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1038/s41598-025-95010-0 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: SCENTED candles Type: general – SubjectFull: PARTICULATE matter Type: general – SubjectFull: EXTRACELLULAR vesicles Type: general – SubjectFull: PUBLIC health Type: general – SubjectFull: HOMESITES Type: general – SubjectFull: MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Impact of scented candle use on indoor air quality and airborne microbiome. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yun, Hyunjun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Seo, Ji Hoon – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kim, Yong Gu – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yang, Jinho IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 25 M: 03 Text: 3/25/2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20452322 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 15 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Scientific Reports Type: main |
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