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Architecture and anatomy of executive processes: evidence from verbal fluency and Trail Making Test in 2009 stroke patients.

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Title: Architecture and anatomy of executive processes: evidence from verbal fluency and Trail Making Test in 2009 stroke patients.
Authors: Godefroy, Olivier1 (AUTHOR) golis1044@gmail.com, Weaver, Nick A.2 (AUTHOR), Roussel, Martine1 (AUTHOR), Dorchies, Flore1 (AUTHOR), Kassir, Rania1 (AUTHOR), Biesbroek, J. Matthijs2,3 (AUTHOR), Lee, Keon-Joo4 (AUTHOR), Kim, Beom Joon5 (AUTHOR), Bae, Hee-Joon5 (AUTHOR), Lim, Jae-Sung6 (AUTHOR), Lee, Minwoo7 (AUTHOR), Yu, Kyung-Ho7 (AUTHOR), Aben, Hugo P.8 (AUTHOR), de Kort, Paul L. M.8 (AUTHOR), Bordet, Régis9 (AUTHOR), Lopes, Renaud9 (AUTHOR), Dondaine, Thibaut9 (AUTHOR), Biessels, Geert Jan2 (AUTHOR), Aarabi, Ardalan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Neurology. Sep2024, Vol. 271 Issue 9, p6147-6159. 13p.
Subject Terms: *TRAIL Making Test, *EXECUTIVE function, *VERBAL behavior testing, *MILD cognitive impairment, *ISCHEMIC stroke
Abstract: Objectives: The few voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) studies aimed at identifying the anatomy of executive function are limited by the absence of a model and by small populations. Using Trail Making Test (TMT) and verbal fluency and a model of their architectures, our objective was to identify the key structures underlying two major executive processes, set-shifting and strategic word search. Methods: We applied a validated VLSM analysis to harmonized cognitive and imaging data from 2009 ischemic stroke patients as a part of the Meta VCI Map consortium. All contrast analyses used an adjusted threshold with 2000 Freedman–Lane permutations (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The TMT parts A and B were associated with structures involved in visual-spatial processing, the motor system, the frontal lobes, and their subcortical connections. Set-shifting depended on the left dorsomedial frontal region. Both semantic and phonemic fluency tests depended on verbal output abilities and processing speed with similar slopes in different languages. The strategic search process depended on Broca's area, F2 and related tracts, temporal and deep regions. Lastly, the lesion map of set-shifting did not overlap with those of strategic word search processes. Interpretation: Our results identify the anatomical substrates of two main executive processes, revealing that they represent only a specific subpart of previously reported structures. Finally, our results indicate that executive functions depend on several specific, anatomically separable executive processes mainly operating in various parts of the frontal lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Neurology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Architecture and anatomy of executive processes: evidence from verbal fluency and Trail Making Test in 2009 stroke patients.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22TRAIL+Making+Test%22">TRAIL Making Test</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EXECUTIVE+function%22">EXECUTIVE function</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22VERBAL+behavior+testing%22">VERBAL behavior testing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MILD+cognitive+impairment%22">MILD cognitive impairment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ISCHEMIC+stroke%22">ISCHEMIC stroke</searchLink>
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  Data: Objectives: The few voxel-wise lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) studies aimed at identifying the anatomy of executive function are limited by the absence of a model and by small populations. Using Trail Making Test (TMT) and verbal fluency and a model of their architectures, our objective was to identify the key structures underlying two major executive processes, set-shifting and strategic word search. Methods: We applied a validated VLSM analysis to harmonized cognitive and imaging data from 2009 ischemic stroke patients as a part of the Meta VCI Map consortium. All contrast analyses used an adjusted threshold with 2000 Freedman–Lane permutations (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The TMT parts A and B were associated with structures involved in visual-spatial processing, the motor system, the frontal lobes, and their subcortical connections. Set-shifting depended on the left dorsomedial frontal region. Both semantic and phonemic fluency tests depended on verbal output abilities and processing speed with similar slopes in different languages. The strategic search process depended on Broca's area, F2 and related tracts, temporal and deep regions. Lastly, the lesion map of set-shifting did not overlap with those of strategic word search processes. Interpretation: Our results identify the anatomical substrates of two main executive processes, revealing that they represent only a specific subpart of previously reported structures. Finally, our results indicate that executive functions depend on several specific, anatomically separable executive processes mainly operating in various parts of the frontal lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Neurology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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