From fangs to antidotes: A scoping review on snakebite burden, species, and antivenoms in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
| Title: | From fangs to antidotes: A scoping review on snakebite burden, species, and antivenoms in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Alshalah, Ali1 (AUTHOR) Ali-Haydar-Hashim.Al-Shalah1@alumni.lshtm.ac.uk, Williams, David J.2 (AUTHOR), Ferrario, Alessandra1 (AUTHOR) Ali-Haydar-Hashim.Al-Shalah1@alumni.lshtm.ac.uk |
| Source: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7/31/2024, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p1-19. 19p. |
| Subject Terms: | *HEALTH information systems, *ANTIVENINS, *INDIGENOUS species, *MIDDLE-income countries, *HEALTH policy, *SNAKEBITES |
| Abstract: | Background: Snake bites cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet evidence from low- and middle-income countries remains fragmented. This is particularly the case in Eastern Mediterranean Region where available data on snake bites is relatively weak. Without reliable data, it is difficult to make the case for greater visibility and investment to address the snakebite burden in this Region. A scoping review was therefore conducted to summarize evidence on snake bites in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. Methodology/principal findings: The review employed manual and electronic searching methods of four databases plus Google Scholar, ultimately including 196 records from 20 countries published between 2000 and 2023. More than half originated from Iran, Morocco, and Pakistan. Many records lacked information on permanent sequalae, disability, snake species, and types and sources of antivenoms. When identified, offending snakes belonged to 30 species. Use of more than 12 types of antivenoms were described across the Region, and some were not specific to indigenous species. Conclusion/significance: Despite the relatively large number of publications identified, the data were concentrated in just a few countries in the Region, and there was little or no information available for the remainder. As is the case worldwide, disability associated with snake bites was poorly characterized and quantified across the Region. There is an urgent need for concrete action at national and regional levels to enhance epidemiological surveillance, research, and the collection of clinical, disability and outcomes data to inform policy and public health investment. Greater regional cooperation and collaboration is also crucial for addressing this neglected disease throughout the Region. Author summary: Snake bites are a particular public health concern worldwide. Compared to other parts of the world, the available data on snake bites in the Eastern Mediterranean Region–a region spanning large parts of North Africa and the Middle East all the way to Pakistan and Afghanistan–is relatively weak. Without reliable data it is difficult to make the case for greater visibility and investments to address snakebite burden in the Region. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted the first scoping review to summarize evidence on snake bites from all 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. Despite identifying 196 publications, we found that evidence was concentrated in a few countries and remained limited or absent for most of the Region. Moreover, a significant proportion of publications lacked information on long-term health consequences, snake species involved, and types and sources of antivenoms used. Our review highlights the need to improve data collection on snakebite burden as part of routine health information systems and community-based surveillance, and to address disability in future research. Additionally, findings suggest that some countries need to review their procurement practices of antivenoms to ensure availability and use of appropriate quality products in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: From fangs to antidotes: A scoping review on snakebite burden, species, and antivenoms in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alshalah%2C+Ali%22">Alshalah, Ali</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Ali-Haydar-Hashim.Al-Shalah1@alumni.lshtm.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Williams%2C+David+J%2E%22">Williams, David J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrario%2C+Alessandra%22">Ferrario, Alessandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Ali-Haydar-Hashim.Al-Shalah1@alumni.lshtm.ac.uk</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22PLoS+Neglected+Tropical+Diseases%22">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</searchLink>. 7/31/2024, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p1-19. 19p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HEALTH+information+systems%22">HEALTH information systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ANTIVENINS%22">ANTIVENINS</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INDIGENOUS+species%22">INDIGENOUS species</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MIDDLE-income+countries%22">MIDDLE-income countries</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HEALTH+policy%22">HEALTH policy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SNAKEBITES%22">SNAKEBITES</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background: Snake bites cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet evidence from low- and middle-income countries remains fragmented. This is particularly the case in Eastern Mediterranean Region where available data on snake bites is relatively weak. Without reliable data, it is difficult to make the case for greater visibility and investment to address the snakebite burden in this Region. A scoping review was therefore conducted to summarize evidence on snake bites in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. Methodology/principal findings: The review employed manual and electronic searching methods of four databases plus Google Scholar, ultimately including 196 records from 20 countries published between 2000 and 2023. More than half originated from Iran, Morocco, and Pakistan. Many records lacked information on permanent sequalae, disability, snake species, and types and sources of antivenoms. When identified, offending snakes belonged to 30 species. Use of more than 12 types of antivenoms were described across the Region, and some were not specific to indigenous species. Conclusion/significance: Despite the relatively large number of publications identified, the data were concentrated in just a few countries in the Region, and there was little or no information available for the remainder. As is the case worldwide, disability associated with snake bites was poorly characterized and quantified across the Region. There is an urgent need for concrete action at national and regional levels to enhance epidemiological surveillance, research, and the collection of clinical, disability and outcomes data to inform policy and public health investment. Greater regional cooperation and collaboration is also crucial for addressing this neglected disease throughout the Region. Author summary: Snake bites are a particular public health concern worldwide. Compared to other parts of the world, the available data on snake bites in the Eastern Mediterranean Region–a region spanning large parts of North Africa and the Middle East all the way to Pakistan and Afghanistan–is relatively weak. Without reliable data it is difficult to make the case for greater visibility and investments to address snakebite burden in the Region. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted the first scoping review to summarize evidence on snake bites from all 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. Despite identifying 196 publications, we found that evidence was concentrated in a few countries and remained limited or absent for most of the Region. Moreover, a significant proportion of publications lacked information on long-term health consequences, snake species involved, and types and sources of antivenoms used. Our review highlights the need to improve data collection on snakebite burden as part of routine health information systems and community-based surveillance, and to address disability in future research. Additionally, findings suggest that some countries need to review their procurement practices of antivenoms to ensure availability and use of appropriate quality products in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012200 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 19 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: HEALTH information systems Type: general – SubjectFull: ANTIVENINS Type: general – SubjectFull: INDIGENOUS species Type: general – SubjectFull: MIDDLE-income countries Type: general – SubjectFull: HEALTH policy Type: general – SubjectFull: SNAKEBITES Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: From fangs to antidotes: A scoping review on snakebite burden, species, and antivenoms in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alshalah, Ali – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Williams, David J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ferrario, Alessandra IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 31 M: 07 Text: 7/31/2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19352727 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Type: main |
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