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A plug-and-play, easy-to-manufacture fluidic accessory to significantly enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassays.

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Title: A plug-and-play, easy-to-manufacture fluidic accessory to significantly enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassays.
Authors: Dobrea, Alexandra1,2 (AUTHOR) alexandra.dobrea@strath.ac.uk, Hall, Nicole1 (AUTHOR), Milne, Stuart1,3 (AUTHOR), Corrigan, Damion K.3 (AUTHOR), Jimenez, Melanie1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Scientific Reports. 6/19/2024, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p.
Subject Terms: *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, *IMMUNOASSAY, *PLASMA products, *MANUFACTURING processes, *DISEASE management, *BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
Abstract: Earlier access to patients' biomarker status could transform disease management. However, gold-standard techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are typically not deployed at the point-of-care due to their cumbersome instrumentation and complexity. Electrochemical immunosensors can be disruptive in this sector with their small size and lower cost but, without further modifications, the performance of these sensors in complex media (e.g., blood) has been limited. This paper presents a low-cost fluidic accessory fabricated using widely accessible materials and processes for boosting sensor sensitivity through confinement of the detection media next to the electrode surface. Liquid confinement first highlighted a spontaneous reaction between the pseudoreference electrode and ELISA detection substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) that decreases the amount of oxTMB available for detection. Different strategies are investigated to limit this and maximize reliability. Next, flow cell integration during the signal amplification step of sensor preparation was shown to substantially enhance the detection of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) with the best sensitivity boost recorded for fresh human plasma (x7 increase compared to x5.8 in purified serum and x5.5 in PBS). The flow cell requires no specialized equipment and can be seamlessly integrated with commercial sensors, making an ideal companion for electrochemical signal enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A plug-and-play, easy-to-manufacture fluidic accessory to significantly enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical immunoassays.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Scientific+Reports%22">Scientific Reports</searchLink>. 6/19/2024, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ENZYME-linked+immunosorbent+assay%22">ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22IMMUNOASSAY%22">IMMUNOASSAY</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PLASMA+products%22">PLASMA products</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MANUFACTURING+processes%22">MANUFACTURING processes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DISEASE+management%22">DISEASE management</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY%22">BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY</searchLink>
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  Data: Earlier access to patients' biomarker status could transform disease management. However, gold-standard techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are typically not deployed at the point-of-care due to their cumbersome instrumentation and complexity. Electrochemical immunosensors can be disruptive in this sector with their small size and lower cost but, without further modifications, the performance of these sensors in complex media (e.g., blood) has been limited. This paper presents a low-cost fluidic accessory fabricated using widely accessible materials and processes for boosting sensor sensitivity through confinement of the detection media next to the electrode surface. Liquid confinement first highlighted a spontaneous reaction between the pseudoreference electrode and ELISA detection substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) that decreases the amount of oxTMB available for detection. Different strategies are investigated to limit this and maximize reliability. Next, flow cell integration during the signal amplification step of sensor preparation was shown to substantially enhance the detection of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) with the best sensitivity boost recorded for fresh human plasma (x7 increase compared to x5.8 in purified serum and x5.5 in PBS). The flow cell requires no specialized equipment and can be seamlessly integrated with commercial sensors, making an ideal companion for electrochemical signal enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: 6/19/2024
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