A fractional diffusion model of CD8+ T cells response to parasitic infection in the brain.
| Title: | A fractional diffusion model of CD8+ T cells response to parasitic infection in the brain. |
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| Authors: | FARHADI, AFSHIN1 afshin.farhadi@uclouvain.be, HANERT, EMMANUEL1,2 afshinfarhadi19@gmail.com |
| Source: | Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena. 2022, Vol. 17, p1-21. 21p. |
| Subject Terms: | *PARASITIC diseases, *T cells, *LEVY processes, *FETAL diseases, *CELL motility, *HEAT equation, *EXTRACELLULAR space, *FETUS |
| Abstract: | Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasitic pathogen that causes serious brain diseases in fetuses and patients with immunodeficiency, particularly AIDS patients. In the field of immunology, a large number of studies have shown that effector CD8+ T cells can respond to T. gondii infection in the brain tissue through controlling the proliferation of intracellular parasites and killing infected brain cells. These protective mechanisms do not occur without T cell movement and searching for infected cells, as a fundamental feature of the immune system. Following infection with a pathogen in a tissue, in their search for infected cells, CD8+ T cells can perform different stochastic searches, including Lévy and Brownian random walks. Statistical analysis of CD8+ T cell movement in the brain of T. gondii-infected mouse has determined that the search strategy of CD8+ T cells in response to infected brain cells could be described by a Lévy random walk. In this work, by considering a Lévy distribution for the displacements, we propose a space fractional-order diffusion equation for the T cell density in the infected brain tissue. Furthermore, we derive a mathematical model representing CD8+ T cell response to infected brain cells. By solving the model equations numerically, we perform a comparison between Lévy and Brownian search strategies. we demonstrate that the Lévy search pattern enables CD8+ T cells to spread over the whole brain tissue and hence they can rapidly destroy infected cells distributed throughout the brain tissue. However, with the Brownian motion assumption, CD8+ T cells travel through the brain tissue more slowly, leading to a slower decline of the infected cells faraway from the source of T cells. Our results show that a Lévy search pattern aids CD8+ T cells in accelerating the elimination of infected cells distributed broadly within the brain tissue. We suggest that a Lévy search strategy could be the result of natural evolution, as CD8+ T cells learn to enhance the immune system efficiency against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A fractional diffusion model of CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cells response to parasitic infection in the brain. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22FARHADI%2C+AFSHIN%22">FARHADI, AFSHIN</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> afshin.farhadi@uclouvain.be</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22HANERT%2C+EMMANUEL%22">HANERT, EMMANUEL</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> afshinfarhadi19@gmail.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Mathematical+Modelling+of+Natural+Phenomena%22">Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena</searchLink>. 2022, Vol. 17, p1-21. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PARASITIC+diseases%22">PARASITIC diseases</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T+cells%22">T cells</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LEVY+processes%22">LEVY processes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22FETAL+diseases%22">FETAL diseases</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CELL+motility%22">CELL motility</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HEAT+equation%22">HEAT equation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EXTRACELLULAR+space%22">EXTRACELLULAR space</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22FETUS%22">FETUS</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasitic pathogen that causes serious brain diseases in fetuses and patients with immunodeficiency, particularly AIDS patients. In the field of immunology, a large number of studies have shown that effector CD8+ T cells can respond to T. gondii infection in the brain tissue through controlling the proliferation of intracellular parasites and killing infected brain cells. These protective mechanisms do not occur without T cell movement and searching for infected cells, as a fundamental feature of the immune system. Following infection with a pathogen in a tissue, in their search for infected cells, CD8+ T cells can perform different stochastic searches, including Lévy and Brownian random walks. Statistical analysis of CD8+ T cell movement in the brain of T. gondii-infected mouse has determined that the search strategy of CD8+ T cells in response to infected brain cells could be described by a Lévy random walk. In this work, by considering a Lévy distribution for the displacements, we propose a space fractional-order diffusion equation for the T cell density in the infected brain tissue. Furthermore, we derive a mathematical model representing CD8+ T cell response to infected brain cells. By solving the model equations numerically, we perform a comparison between Lévy and Brownian search strategies. we demonstrate that the Lévy search pattern enables CD8+ T cells to spread over the whole brain tissue and hence they can rapidly destroy infected cells distributed throughout the brain tissue. However, with the Brownian motion assumption, CD8+ T cells travel through the brain tissue more slowly, leading to a slower decline of the infected cells faraway from the source of T cells. Our results show that a Lévy search pattern aids CD8+ T cells in accelerating the elimination of infected cells distributed broadly within the brain tissue. We suggest that a Lévy search strategy could be the result of natural evolution, as CD8+ T cells learn to enhance the immune system efficiency against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1051/mmnp/2022003 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: PARASITIC diseases Type: general – SubjectFull: T cells Type: general – SubjectFull: LEVY processes Type: general – SubjectFull: FETAL diseases Type: general – SubjectFull: CELL motility Type: general – SubjectFull: HEAT equation Type: general – SubjectFull: EXTRACELLULAR space Type: general – SubjectFull: FETUS Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A fractional diffusion model of CD8+ T cells response to parasitic infection in the brain. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: FARHADI, AFSHIN – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: HANERT, EMMANUEL IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Text: 2022 Type: published Y: 2022 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09735348 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 17 Titles: – TitleFull: Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena Type: main |
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