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Chlorinated Paraffin Levels in Relation to Other Persistent Organic Pollutants Found in Pooled Human Milk Samples from Primiparous Mothers in 53 Countries.

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Title: Chlorinated Paraffin Levels in Relation to Other Persistent Organic Pollutants Found in Pooled Human Milk Samples from Primiparous Mothers in 53 Countries.
Authors: Krätschmer, Kerstin1,2 kerstin.kraetschmer@cvuafr.bwl.de, Malisch, Rainer1, Vetter, Walter2
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Aug2021, Vol. 129 Issue 8, p1-087004-12. 12p. 4 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *HYDROCARBON analysis, *PESTICIDE analysis, *POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls analysis, *PERSISTENT pollutant analysis, *MOTHERS, *BREAST milk collection & preservation, *NONPARAMETRIC statistics, *STATISTICS, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *BREAST milk, *SURVEYS, *GAS chromatography, *COMPARATIVE studies, *QUALITY assurance, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *STATISTICAL correlation, *DATA analysis, *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics), *PARAFFIN wax
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The current production and use of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) at >1 million tons/y likely exceeds the lifetime production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a concern to human health. OBJECTIVES: The United Nations Environment Programme conducts global surveys of human milk samples from individual countries as a noninvasive method of investigating levels and trends in human exposures to POPs such as CPs. We measured CP concentrations and assessed their relation to other POPs in pooled samples collected during 2012–2019. METHODS: We analyzed 57 official nationwide pooled milk samples from 53 countries on five continents (Africa, Central/South America, Asia, Europe, and Australia/Oceania). CP concentrations were further characterized by subgroups and compared with concentrations of 19 other POPs, including PCBs and a variety of pesticides. RESULTS: CPs were detected in pooled samples from all 53 countries, with concentrations of 23–700 ng/g lipid. CPs accounted for 18–46% of the total summed POPs in human milk, second only to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). CP concentrations exceeded PCB concentrations in pooled samples from most countries. DISCUSSION: The presence of CPs in all samples, including samples from isolated locations (e.g., Pacific Island countries), emphasizes the ubiquitous presence of these compounds, whereas differences in subgroup ratios indicate a delay in the shift toward nonregulated medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) for these regions. The predominance of MCCPs in samples from many countries suggests a need for regulation and research on health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: Chlorinated Paraffin Levels in Relation to Other Persistent Organic Pollutants Found in Pooled Human Milk Samples from Primiparous Mothers in 53 Countries.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krätschmer%2C+Kerstin%22">Krätschmer, Kerstin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> kerstin.kraetschmer@cvuafr.bwl.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malisch%2C+Rainer%22">Malisch, Rainer</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vetter%2C+Walter%22">Vetter, Walter</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Aug2021, Vol. 129 Issue 8, p1-087004-12. 12p. 4 Charts, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HYDROCARBON+analysis%22">HYDROCARBON analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PESTICIDE+analysis%22">PESTICIDE analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22POLYCHLORINATED+biphenyls+analysis%22">POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PERSISTENT+pollutant+analysis%22">PERSISTENT pollutant analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MOTHERS%22">MOTHERS</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BREAST+milk+collection+%26+preservation%22">BREAST milk collection & preservation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NONPARAMETRIC+statistics%22">NONPARAMETRIC statistics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22STATISTICS%22">STATISTICS</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CONFIDENCE+intervals%22">CONFIDENCE intervals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BREAST+milk%22">BREAST milk</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SURVEYS%22">SURVEYS</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22GAS+chromatography%22">GAS chromatography</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COMPARATIVE+studies%22">COMPARATIVE studies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22QUALITY+assurance%22">QUALITY assurance</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DESCRIPTIVE+statistics%22">DESCRIPTIVE statistics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22STATISTICAL+correlation%22">STATISTICAL correlation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DATA+analysis%22">DATA analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CLUSTER+analysis+%28Statistics%29%22">CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PARAFFIN+wax%22">PARAFFIN wax</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: The current production and use of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) at >1 million tons/y likely exceeds the lifetime production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). These persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a concern to human health. OBJECTIVES: The United Nations Environment Programme conducts global surveys of human milk samples from individual countries as a noninvasive method of investigating levels and trends in human exposures to POPs such as CPs. We measured CP concentrations and assessed their relation to other POPs in pooled samples collected during 2012–2019. METHODS: We analyzed 57 official nationwide pooled milk samples from 53 countries on five continents (Africa, Central/South America, Asia, Europe, and Australia/Oceania). CP concentrations were further characterized by subgroups and compared with concentrations of 19 other POPs, including PCBs and a variety of pesticides. RESULTS: CPs were detected in pooled samples from all 53 countries, with concentrations of 23–700 ng/g lipid. CPs accounted for 18–46% of the total summed POPs in human milk, second only to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). CP concentrations exceeded PCB concentrations in pooled samples from most countries. DISCUSSION: The presence of CPs in all samples, including samples from isolated locations (e.g., Pacific Island countries), emphasizes the ubiquitous presence of these compounds, whereas differences in subgroup ratios indicate a delay in the shift toward nonregulated medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) for these regions. The predominance of MCCPs in samples from many countries suggests a need for regulation and research on health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1289/EHP7696
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: HYDROCARBON analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PESTICIDE analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PERSISTENT pollutant analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MOTHERS
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: BREAST milk collection & preservation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: NONPARAMETRIC statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: STATISTICS
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CONFIDENCE intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: BREAST milk
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SURVEYS
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      – SubjectFull: GAS chromatography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COMPARATIVE studies
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      – SubjectFull: QUALITY assurance
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      – SubjectFull: DESCRIPTIVE statistics
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      – SubjectFull: STATISTICAL correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DATA analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: PARAFFIN wax
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Chlorinated Paraffin Levels in Relation to Other Persistent Organic Pollutants Found in Pooled Human Milk Samples from Primiparous Mothers in 53 Countries.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Krätschmer, Kerstin
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            NameFull: Malisch, Rainer
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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              Value: 00916765
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              Value: 129
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              Value: 8
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            – TitleFull: Environmental Health Perspectives
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