Two different mechanisms support selective attention at different phases of training.
| Title: | Two different mechanisms support selective attention at different phases of training. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Itthipuripat, Sirawaj1 itthipuripat.sirawaj@gmail.com, Cha, Kexin2, Byers, Anna2, Serences, John T.1,2,3 jserences@ucsd.edu |
| Source: | PLoS Biology. 6/27/2017, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p1-38. 38p. 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs. |
| Subject Terms: | *PSYCHOLOGY, *SOCIAL sciences, *SENSORY perception, *NOISE control, *SIGNAL processing |
| Abstract: | Selective attention supports the prioritized processing of relevant sensory information to facilitate goal-directed behavior. Studies in human subjects demonstrate that attentional gain of cortical responses can sufficiently account for attention-related improvements in behavior. On the other hand, studies using highly trained nonhuman primates suggest that reductions in neural noise can better explain attentional facilitation of behavior. Given the importance of selective information processing in nearly all domains of cognition, we sought to reconcile these competing accounts by testing the hypothesis that extensive behavioral training alters the neural mechanisms that support selective attention. We tested this hypothesis using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure stimulus-evoked visual responses from human subjects while they performed a selective spatial attention task over the course of ~1 month. Early in training, spatial attention led to an increase in the gain of stimulus-evoked visual responses. Gain was apparent within ~100 ms of stimulus onset, and a quantitative model based on signal detection theory (SDT) successfully linked the magnitude of this gain modulation to attention-related improvements in behavior. However, after extensive training, this early attentional gain was eliminated even though there were still substantial attention-related improvements in behavior. Accordingly, the SDT-based model required noise reduction to account for the link between the stimulus-evoked visual responses and attentional modulations of behavior. These findings suggest that training can lead to fundamental changes in the way attention alters the early cortical responses that support selective information processing. Moreover, these data facilitate the translation of results across different species and across experimental procedures that employ different behavioral training regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Two different mechanisms support selective attention at different phases of training. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Itthipuripat%2C+Sirawaj%22">Itthipuripat, Sirawaj</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> itthipuripat.sirawaj@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cha%2C+Kexin%22">Cha, Kexin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Byers%2C+Anna%22">Byers, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Serences%2C+John+T%2E%22">Serences, John T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> jserences@ucsd.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22PLoS+Biology%22">PLoS Biology</searchLink>. 6/27/2017, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p1-38. 38p. 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PSYCHOLOGY%22">PSYCHOLOGY</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SOCIAL+sciences%22">SOCIAL sciences</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SENSORY+perception%22">SENSORY perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NOISE+control%22">NOISE control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SIGNAL+processing%22">SIGNAL processing</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Selective attention supports the prioritized processing of relevant sensory information to facilitate goal-directed behavior. Studies in human subjects demonstrate that attentional gain of cortical responses can sufficiently account for attention-related improvements in behavior. On the other hand, studies using highly trained nonhuman primates suggest that reductions in neural noise can better explain attentional facilitation of behavior. Given the importance of selective information processing in nearly all domains of cognition, we sought to reconcile these competing accounts by testing the hypothesis that extensive behavioral training alters the neural mechanisms that support selective attention. We tested this hypothesis using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure stimulus-evoked visual responses from human subjects while they performed a selective spatial attention task over the course of ~1 month. Early in training, spatial attention led to an increase in the gain of stimulus-evoked visual responses. Gain was apparent within ~100 ms of stimulus onset, and a quantitative model based on signal detection theory (SDT) successfully linked the magnitude of this gain modulation to attention-related improvements in behavior. However, after extensive training, this early attentional gain was eliminated even though there were still substantial attention-related improvements in behavior. Accordingly, the SDT-based model required noise reduction to account for the link between the stimulus-evoked visual responses and attentional modulations of behavior. These findings suggest that training can lead to fundamental changes in the way attention alters the early cortical responses that support selective information processing. Moreover, these data facilitate the translation of results across different species and across experimental procedures that employ different behavioral training regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of PLoS Biology is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001724 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 38 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: PSYCHOLOGY Type: general – SubjectFull: SOCIAL sciences Type: general – SubjectFull: SENSORY perception Type: general – SubjectFull: NOISE control Type: general – SubjectFull: SIGNAL processing Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Two different mechanisms support selective attention at different phases of training. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Itthipuripat, Sirawaj – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cha, Kexin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Byers, Anna – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Serences, John T. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 27 M: 06 Text: 6/27/2017 Type: published Y: 2017 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 15449173 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 15 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: PLoS Biology Type: main |
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