Evaluation of Two Influenza Surveillance Systems in South Africa.
| Title: | Evaluation of Two Influenza Surveillance Systems in South Africa. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Budgell, Eric1,2 ebudgell@heroza.org, Cohen, Adam L.3, McAnerney, Jo2, Walaza, Sibongile2, Madhi, Shabir A.2,4, Blumberg, Lucille2, Dawood, Halima5, Kahn, Kathleen6, Tempia, Stefano3,7, Venter, Marietjie2,8, Cohen, Cheryl2,9 |
| Source: | PLoS ONE. Mar2015, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p1-13. 13p. |
| Subject Terms: | *INFLUENZA, *VIROLOGY, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *MEDICAL informatics, *PATIENTS |
| Geographic Terms: | SOUTH Africa |
| Abstract: | Background: The World Health Organisation recommends outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) and inpatient severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance. We evaluated two influenza surveillance systems in South Africa: one for ILI and another for SARI. Methodology: The Viral Watch (VW) programme has collected virological influenza surveillance data voluntarily from patients with ILI since 1984 in private and public clinics in all 9 South African provinces. The SARI surveillance programme has collected epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data since 2009 in public hospitals in 4 provinces by dedicated personnel. We compared nine surveillance system attributes from 2009–2012. Results: We analysed data from 18,293 SARI patients and 9,104 ILI patients. The annual proportion of samples testing positive for influenza was higher for VW (mean 41%) than SARI (mean 8%) and generally exceeded the seasonal threshold from May to September (VW: weeks 21–40; SARI: weeks 23–39). Data quality was a major strength of SARI (most data completion measures >90%; adherence to definitions: 88–89%) and a relative weakness of the VW programme (62% of forms complete, with limited epidemiologic data collected; adherence to definitions: 65–82%). Timeliness was a relative strength of both systems (e.g. both collected >93% of all respiratory specimens within 7 days of symptom onset). ILI surveillance was more nationally representative, financially sustainable and expandable than the SARI system. Though the SARI programme is not nationally representative, the high quality and detail of SARI data collection sheds light on the local burden and epidemiology of severe influenza-associated disease. Conclusions: To best monitor influenza in South Africa, we propose that both ILI and SARI should be under surveillance. Improving ILI surveillance will require better quality and more systematic data collection, and SARI surveillance should be expanded to be more nationally representative, even if this requires scaling back on information gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Evaluation of Two Influenza Surveillance Systems in South Africa. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Budgell%2C+Eric%22">Budgell, Eric</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> ebudgell@heroza.org</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cohen%2C+Adam+L%2E%22">Cohen, Adam L.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McAnerney%2C+Jo%22">McAnerney, Jo</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walaza%2C+Sibongile%22">Walaza, Sibongile</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Madhi%2C+Shabir+A%2E%22">Madhi, Shabir A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blumberg%2C+Lucille%22">Blumberg, Lucille</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dawood%2C+Halima%22">Dawood, Halima</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kahn%2C+Kathleen%22">Kahn, Kathleen</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tempia%2C+Stefano%22">Tempia, Stefano</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Venter%2C+Marietjie%22">Venter, Marietjie</searchLink><relatesTo>2,8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cohen%2C+Cheryl%22">Cohen, Cheryl</searchLink><relatesTo>2,9</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22PLoS+ONE%22">PLoS ONE</searchLink>. Mar2015, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p1-13. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INFLUENZA%22">INFLUENZA</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22VIROLOGY%22">VIROLOGY</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EPIDEMIOLOGY%22">EPIDEMIOLOGY</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDICAL+informatics%22">MEDICAL informatics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PATIENTS%22">PATIENTS</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SOUTH+Africa%22">SOUTH Africa</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background: The World Health Organisation recommends outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) and inpatient severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance. We evaluated two influenza surveillance systems in South Africa: one for ILI and another for SARI. Methodology: The Viral Watch (VW) programme has collected virological influenza surveillance data voluntarily from patients with ILI since 1984 in private and public clinics in all 9 South African provinces. The SARI surveillance programme has collected epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data since 2009 in public hospitals in 4 provinces by dedicated personnel. We compared nine surveillance system attributes from 2009–2012. Results: We analysed data from 18,293 SARI patients and 9,104 ILI patients. The annual proportion of samples testing positive for influenza was higher for VW (mean 41%) than SARI (mean 8%) and generally exceeded the seasonal threshold from May to September (VW: weeks 21–40; SARI: weeks 23–39). Data quality was a major strength of SARI (most data completion measures >90%; adherence to definitions: 88–89%) and a relative weakness of the VW programme (62% of forms complete, with limited epidemiologic data collected; adherence to definitions: 65–82%). Timeliness was a relative strength of both systems (e.g. both collected >93% of all respiratory specimens within 7 days of symptom onset). ILI surveillance was more nationally representative, financially sustainable and expandable than the SARI system. Though the SARI programme is not nationally representative, the high quality and detail of SARI data collection sheds light on the local burden and epidemiology of severe influenza-associated disease. Conclusions: To best monitor influenza in South Africa, we propose that both ILI and SARI should be under surveillance. Improving ILI surveillance will require better quality and more systematic data collection, and SARI surveillance should be expanded to be more nationally representative, even if this requires scaling back on information gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120226 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: SOUTH Africa Type: general – SubjectFull: INFLUENZA Type: general – SubjectFull: VIROLOGY Type: general – SubjectFull: EPIDEMIOLOGY Type: general – SubjectFull: MEDICAL informatics Type: general – SubjectFull: PATIENTS Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Evaluation of Two Influenza Surveillance Systems in South Africa. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Budgell, Eric – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cohen, Adam L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: McAnerney, Jo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Walaza, Sibongile – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Madhi, Shabir A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Blumberg, Lucille – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dawood, Halima – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kahn, Kathleen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tempia, Stefano – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Venter, Marietjie – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cohen, Cheryl IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2015 Type: published Y: 2015 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19326203 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 10 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: PLoS ONE Type: main |
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